Catarina Egreja e-mail(Login required) , Rúben Elias e-mail(Login required) , Noémia Lopes e-mail(Login required)

Main Article Content

Authors

Catarina Egreja e-mail(Login required)
Rúben Elias e-mail(Login required)
Noémia Lopes e-mail(Login required)

Abstract

198

Departing from a broader sociological study, this article presents exploratory research seeking to analyse practices of online information exchange on the consumption of medicines and food supplements among students, mainly to improve cognitive performance. It aims to show that the Internet is a relevant space which should be considered when analysing where lay people, specifically students, get information about medicines. The empirical field was limited to online open discussion forums, websites, and blogs registered in Portugal, and the collected information was subjected to a qualitative content analysis. The research took place between January 2021 and February 2022, and the analysed threads date back to March 2015. The results show that young people use these platforms to ask questions related to the consumption of medicines and supplements for cognitive performance. While sharing experiences is central to the validation of practices and behaviours, key elements in this discussion also include the construction of a shared social identity, the possibility of anonymity, and the attribution of credibility to the sources of information.

Keywords

Online forums, health information, medicine consumption, youth, cognitive enhancement

References

Bardin, L. (2011). Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70.

Banas, J. (2008). A Tailored Approach to Identifying and Addressing College Students’ Online Health Information Literacy. American Journal of Health Education, 39(4), 228-236. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2008.10599043

Bessell, T. L., Anderson, J. N., Silagy, C. A, Sansom, L. N. & Hiller, J. E. (2003). Surfing, self-medicating and safety: buying non-prescription and complementary medicines via the internet. Quality & safety in health care, 12(2), 88-92 . https://www.doi.org/10.1136/qhc.12.2.88

Bryman, A. (2008). E-research: Internet research methods. The Internet as object of analysis. In Social Research Methods, 4th Ed. (pp. 653-682). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cardoso, G., Costa, A. F., Coelho, A. R & Pereira, A. (2015). A Sociedade da Rede em Portugal: Uma Década de Transição. Coimbra: Almedina.

Cavaco, A. M., Ribeiro, J. & Nørgaard, L. S. (2022). Exploring the use of cognitive enhancement substances among Portuguese university students. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 5, 100097, 1-10. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100097

Cotten, S. R. (2001). Implications of Internet Technology for Medical Sociology in the New Millennium. Sociological Spectrum, 21(3), 319-340. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/027321701300202019

Dresen, A., Kläber, M. & Dietz, P. (2014). Use of performance-enhancing drugs and the Internet. Criminological reflections on a culture of communication in sport. Sportwissenschaft, 44(3), 153-159. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s12662-014-0339-7

Doyle, E. (2013). Seeking advice about children’s health in an online parenting forum. Medical Sociology Online, 7(3), 17-28. Retrieved from https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/119468/1/MSo_7.3.pdf

Escoffery, C., Miner, K. R., Adame, D. D., Butler, S., McCormick, L. & Mendell, E. (2005). Internet Use for Health Information Among College Students. Journal of American College Health, 53(4), 183-188. https://www.doi.org/10.3200/JACH.53.4.183-188

Fage-Butler, A. M. & Nisbeth Jensen, M. (2013). The Interpersonal Dimension of Online Patient Forums: How Patients Manage Informational and Relational Aspects in Response to Posted Questions. Hermes – Journal of Language and Communication in Business, 51, 21-38. https://www.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v26i51.97435

Fage-Butler, A. M. & Nisbeth Jensen, M. (2016). Medical terminology in online patient-patient communication: evidence of high health literacy? Health Expectations, 19(3), 643-653. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/hex.12395

Fergie, G., Hunt, K. & Hilton, S. (2013). What young people want from health-related online resources: a focus group study. Journal of Youth Studies, 16(5), 579-596. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.744811

Fox, N., Ward, K. & O’Rourke, A. (2005). ‘Expert Patients’, Pharmaceuticals and the Medical Model of Disease: The Case of Weight Loss Drugs and the Internet. Social Science and Medicine, 16(6), 1299-309. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.07.005

García García, F. & Rosado-Millán, M. (2012). Sociocomunicative behaviors of digital natives and young people into web 2.0. Communication and Society, 25(1), 15-38. Retrieved from: https://dadun.unav.edu/bitstream/10171/27356/1/GARC%c3%8dA%20GARC%c3%8dA.pdf

Gray, N. J., Klein, J. D., Noyce, P. R., Sesselberg, T. S. & Cantrill, J. A. (2005). Health information-seeking behaviour in adolescence: the place of the internet. Social Science and Medicine, 60(7), 1467-78. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.010.

Hardey, M. (1999). Doctor in the house: the Internet as a source of lay health knowledge and the challenge to expertise. Sociology of Health & Illness, 21, 820-835. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.00185

Hookway, N. & Snee, H. (2017). The Blogosphere. In N. Fielding, R. M. Lee & G. Blank (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods (pp. 380-398). London: Sage.

Hsieh, H.-F. & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687

Jose, A. & Lee, S.-M. (2007). Environmental Reporting of Global Corporations: A Content Analysis based on Website Disclosures. Journal of Business Ethics, 72, 307-321. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9172-8

Kimmerle, J., Gerbing, K. K., Thiel, A. & Cress, U. (2012). Exchange of Complementary and Alternative Medical Knowledge in Sport-Related Internet Fora. Sociology of Sport Journal, 29(3), 348-364. https://www.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.29.3.348

Lopes N., Clamote T., Raposo H., Pegado E. & Rodrigues C. (2015). Medications, youth therapeutic cultures and performance consumptions: A sociological approach. Health, 19(4), 430-448. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1363459314554317

Lupton, D. (2020). Digital sociology. In J. Germov & M. Poole (Eds.), Public Sociology: An introduction to Australian society (pp. 475-492). London/New York: Routledge.

Miah, A. & Rich, E. (2008). The medicalization of cyberspace. Oxon, NY: Routledge.

Nettleton, S., Burrows, R. & O’Malley, L. (2005). The mundane realities of the everyday lay use of the internet for health, and their consequences for media convergence. Sociology of Health & Illness, 27(7), 972-992. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2005.00466.x

Prenski, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. From On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. MCB University Press. https://www.doi.org/10.1108/10748120110424816

Rabeharisoa, V., Moreira, T. & Akrich, M. (2014). Evidence-based activism: Patients’, users’ and activist groups’ in knowledge society. BioSocieties, 9(2), 111-128. https://www.doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2014.2

Rusu, I.-A. (2016). Exchanging health advice in a virtual community: A story of tribalization. Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, 2, 57-69. Retrieved from http://compaso.eu/wpd/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Compaso2016-72-Rusu.pdf

Samerski, S. (2019). Health literacy as a social practice: Social and empirical dimensions of knowledge on health and healthcare. Social Science & Medicine, 226, 1-8. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.024

Sillince, J. A. A. & Brown, A. (2009). Multiple Organizational Identities and Legitimacy: The Rhetoric of Police Websites. Human Relations, 62, 1829-1856. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0018726709336626

Souza, J. F. R., Marinho, C. L. C. & Guilam, M. C. R. (2008). Consumo de medicamentos e internet: análise crítica de uma comunidade virtual. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 54(3), 225-231. https://www.doi.org//10.1590/S0104-42302008000300015

Sullivan, C. F. (2003). Gendered Cybersupport: A Thematic Analysis of Two Online Cancer Support Groups. Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 83-103. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1359105303008001446

Tighe, B., Dunn, M., McKay, F. H. & Piatkowski, T. (2017). Information sought, information shared: exploring performance and image enhancing drug user-facilitated harm reduction information in online forums. Harm Reduction Journal, 14(48), 1-9. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-017-0176-8

Vrecko, S. (2015). Everyday drug diversions: A qualitative study of the illicit exchange and non-medical use of prescription stimulants on a university campus. Social Science & Medicine, 131, 297-304. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.016

Williams, S. J., Seale, C., Boden, S., Lowe, P. & Steinberg, D. L. (2008). Waking up to sleepiness: Modafinil, the media and the pharmaceuticalisation of everyday/night life. Sociology of health & illness, 30(6), 839-855. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2008.01084.x.

Metrics

Search GoogleScholar


Details

Article Details

Section
Articles