José-Miguel Túñez-López e-mail(Login required) , César Fieiras-Ceide e-mail(Login required) , Martín Vaz-Álvarez e-mail(Login required)

Main Article Content

Authors

José-Miguel Túñez-López e-mail(Login required)
César Fieiras-Ceide e-mail(Login required)
Martín Vaz-Álvarez e-mail(Login required)

Abstract

2549

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising innovation frameworks with the potential to transform our relationship with technology. Particularly in journalism, AI is beginning to make its way transversally into the news production process and into the structure and functioning of the media. This article aims to anticipate how AI will impact on the Spanish media ecosystem and explain the medium-term transformations that are already being felt. The research approach is of an exploratory and descriptive nature, with a qualitative methodology based on Delphi-like in-depth interviews, encompassing an intentional sample of academic representatives, relevant associations and leading companies in the field of technology and communication. The results point out that AI will allow the extension of the current automated text news to audio and video on demand, it will favour that news can have a non-linear unstructured consumption, it will promote changes in the business model through new ways of relating with the audience and distribution of the product. Also, variations in the professional profile with a less operative journalist who will avoid routines –even of personal nature– that can be imitated by the machine and increase its cognitive contribution to the news production.

Keywords

Automation, Journalism, artificial intelligence, professional profile, Public Media, fake news

References

Broussard, M. (2019). Artificial unintelligence. How computers misunderstand the world. MIT Press. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2019.1655942

Carlson, M. (2015). The robotic reporter: automated journalism and the redefinition of labor, compositional forms, and journalistic authority. Digital journalism, 3(3), 416-431.

Caswel, D. (2019). Structured Journalism and the Semantic Units of News. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1134-1156. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1651665

Clerwall, C. (2014). Enter the robot journalist. Journalism Practice, 8(5), 519-531.

COM (2018). 237 Artificial Intelligence for Europe Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2018/ES/COM-2018-237-F1-ES-MAIN-PART-1.PDF

Diakopoulos, N. (2014). Algorithmic accountability. Digital Journalism 3(3), 398–415. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976411

Diakopoulos, N. (2019). Automating the News. London: Harvard University Press

Dierickx, L. (2019). Automated information and new actors in journalistic processes. On Journalism, 8(2), p. 158.

Dörr, K. & Hollnbuchner, K. (2017). Ethical Challenges of Algorithmic Journalism. Digital Journalism, 5(4), 404-419. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1167612

Dörr, K. (2016). Mapping the field of algorithmic journalism. Digital Journalism, 4(6), 700–722. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1096748

Edge, A. (2014). Ophan: key metrics informing editorial at The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/how-ophan-offers-bespoke-data-to-inform-content-at-the-guardian/s2/a563349

European Broadcasting Union (2019). News report 2019 the next newsroom unlocking the power of AI for public service journalism. EBU. Retrieved from https://www.ebu.ch/publications/strategic/login_only/report/news-report-2019

Fletcher, R, Schifferes, S. & Thurman, N. (2020). Building the ‘Truthmeter’: Training algorithms to help journalists assess the credibility of social media sources. Convergence, 26(1),19-34. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517714955

Flew, T., Spurgeon, C. H. & Swift A. (2012). The promise of computational journalism. Journalism Practice, 6(2), 157–171. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.616655

Flores Vivar, J. M. (2019). Inteligencia artificial y periodismo: diluyendo el impacto de la desinformación y las noticias falsas a través de los bots. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 197-212. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a10

Ford, H. & Hutchinson, J. (2019). Newsbots that mediate journalist and audience relationships. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1013-1031. https://www.doi.org10.1080 / 21670811.2019.1626752

Graefe, A. (2016). Guide to automated journalism. Retrieved from https://www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/guide_to_automated_journalism.php

Gran, A. B., Booth, P. & Bucher, T. (2020). To be or not to be algorithm aware: a question of a new digital divide? Information. Communication & Society, 1-18. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1736124

Hansen, M., Roca-Sales, M., Keegan, J. et al (2017). Artificial Intelligence: Practice and Implications for Journalism. Brown Institute for media innovation and the tow center for digital journalism. Columbia Journalism School, p. 7. https://www.doi.org/10.7916/d8x92prd

Helberger, N. (2019). On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 993-1012. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700

Jones, B. & Jones, R. (2019). Public service chatbots: automatic conversation with BBC News. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1032-1053. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1609371

Karlsen, J. & Stavelin, E. (2014). Computational journalism in Norwegian newsrooms. Journalism Practice, 8(1), 34–48. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.813190

Kim, J., Lee, K., Kim, Y., Kuppuswamy, N. S. & Jo, J. (2007). Ubiquitous robot: a new paradigm for integrated services. In 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, (pp. 2853–2858). Roma: IEEE.

Lecompte, C. (2015). Automation in the newsroom. Nieman Reports, 69(3), 32–45. Retrieved from http://niemanreports.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/NRsummer2015.pdf

Lindén, C. (2017). Algorithms for journalism: the future of news work. The Journal of Media Innovation, 4(1), 60-76. https://www.doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v4i1.2420

Marconi, F. & Siegman, A. (2017). The future of augmented journalism: a guide for newsrooms in the age of smart machines. About AP insights. Retrieved from https://insights.ap.org/uploads/images/the-future-of-augmented-journalism_ap-report.pdf

Matsumoto, R., Nakayama, H. & Harada, T. (2007). Journalist robot: robot system making news articles from real world. Paper presented at the 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, Oct 29-Nov 2. https://www.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2007.4399598

Napoli, P. (2012). Audience evolution and the future of audience research. International Journal on Media Management, 14(2), 79-97. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2012.675753

Newman, N. (2020). Journalism, media and technology: trends and predictions for 2020 (ES). London: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism & Oxford University. Retrieved from https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/periodismo-medios-y-tecnologia-tendencias-y-predicciones-para-2020

Oppenheimer, A. (2018). Sálvese quien pueda. El futuro del trabajo en la era de la automatización. Madrid: Debate.

Oremus, W. (2015). No more pencils, no more books. Slate. Retrieved from http://publicservicesalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Adaptive-learning-software-is-replacing-textbooks-and-upending-American-education.-Should-we-welcome-it.pdf

Rojas Torrijos, J. L. & Toural Bran, C. (2019). Periodismo deportivo automatizado. Estudio de caso de AnaFut, el bot desarrollado por El Confidencial para la escritura de crónicas de fútbol. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 235-254. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a12

Salazar, I. (2018). Los robots y la inteligencia artificial. Nuevos retos del periodismo. Doxa Comunicación, 27, 295–315. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n27a15

Saurwein, F. (2019). Emerging structures of control for algorithms on the Internet en Media Accountability in the Era of Post-Truth Politics. In T. Eberwein, S. Fengler & M. Karmasin (Eds.), European Challenges and Perspectives, (Chapt. 13). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Segarra-Saavedra, J., Cristòfol, F. J. & Martínez-Sala, A. M. (2019). Inteligencia artificial (IA) aplicada a la documentación informativa y redacción periodística deportiva. El caso de BeSoccer. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 275-286. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a14

Slaček, S. & Tomanić, I. (2019) Algoritmizacija nacionalne tiskovne agencije: primer STA, Javnost-The Public, 26(1), S62-S81. https://www.doi.org/10.1080 / 13183222.2019.1696601

Soffer, O. (2019). Algorithmic personalization and the two-step flow of communication, Communication Theory, qtz008. https://www.doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz008

Stavelin, E. (2014). Computational journalism: when journalism meets programming. Doctoral Thesis. University of Bergen.

Túñez-López, J. M., Toural-Bran C. & Frazão-Nogueira A. G. (2020). From Data Journalism to Robotic Journalism: The Automation of News Processing. In J. Vázquez-Herrero, S. Direito-Rebollal, A. Silva-Rodríguez & X. López-García (Eds.), Journalistic Metamorphosis. Studies in Big Data, vol 70. Springer, Cham. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36315-4_2

Túñez-López, M., Toural-Bran, C. & Cacheiro-Requeijo, S. (2018). Uso de bots y algoritmos para automatizar la redacción de noticias: percepción y actitudes de los periodistas en España. El profesional de la información, 27(4), 750-758. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.04

Túñez-Lopez, M., Toural-Bran, C. & Valdiviezo, C. (2019). Automation, bots and algorithms in newsmaking. Impact and quality of artificial journalism. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 74, 1411-1433. https://www.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1391en

Ufarte Ruiz, M. J.& Manfredi Sánchez, J. L. (2019). Algoritmos y bots aplicados al periodismo. El caso de Narrativa Inteligencia Artificial: estructura, producción y calidad informativa. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 213-233. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a11

Valdiviezo-Abad, C. & Bonini, T. (2019). Automatización inteligente en la gestión de la comunicación. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 169-196. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a9

Vállez, M. & Codina, L. (2018). Periodismo computacional: evolución, casos y herramientas. El profesional de la información, 27(4), 759-768. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.05

Van Dalen, A. (2012). The algorithms behind the headlines. Journalism Practique, 6(5-6), 648–658. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.667268

VVAA (2019). Estrategia española de I+D+i en Inteligencia Artificial. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Retrieved from http://www.ciencia.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Ciencia/Ficheros/Estrategia_Inteligencia_Artificial_IDI.pdf

VVAA (2019). AIoT How IoT Leaders Are Breaking Away. SAS, Intel & Deloitte. Retrieved from https://www.sas.com/sas/offers/19/aiot-how-iot-leaders-are-breaking-away-emea.html

Wölker, A. & Powell, T. E. (2018). Algorithms in the newsroom? News readers perceived credibility and selection of automated journalism. Journalism, Practice & Criticism. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1464884918757072

Wu, S., Tandoc, E. C. & Salmon C. H. (2019). A Field Analysis of Journalism in the Automation Age: Understanding Journalistic Transformations and Struggles Through Structure and Agency. Digital Journalism, 7(4), 428-446. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1620112

Yanfang, W. (2019). Is Automated Journalistic Writing Less Biased? An Experimental Test of Auto-Written and Human-Written News Stories. Journalism Practique, 14, 1-21. https://www.doi.org10.1080 / 17512786.2019.1682940

Metrics

Search GoogleScholar


Details

Article Details

Section
Articles