Modelo de comunicación y liderazgo ERI: Un Enfoque Holístico para las Organizaciones Humanas y Felices en México

Resumen
Este artículo analiza el Modelo ERI (Estructural, Relacional e Integradora) y su impacto en organizaciones humanas y felices, mediante un estudio mixto en tres PyME manufactureras. Se comparó una empresa que aplica la NOM-035 con dos que no. Los hallazgos cualitativos revelan un enfoque funcional donde cada dimensión busca un bienestar específico: económico (estructural), psicológico (relacional) y social (integradora). Los resultados cuantitativos mediante SMOTE y Ganancia de Información mostraron que la NOM- 035 potenció la integración de las dimensiones, facilitando el trabajo en equipo. Sin la norma, se evidenció una disonancia que limitó la creación de organizaciones humanas y felices.
Referencias
Akhtar, M.W., Javed, M., Syed, F., Aslam, M. K., & Hussain, K. (2021). Say no to wrongdoing: The Serial Mediation Model of Responsible Leadership and Whistleblowing Intentions. International Journal of Manpower, 42(5), 889-903. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-02-2020-0070
Anadol, Y., & Behery, M. (2020). Humanistic Leadership in the UAE Context. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 27(4), 645-664. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-01-2020-0023
Bak, H. (2020). Supervisor Feedback and Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Trust in Supervisor and Affective Commitment. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559160
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Freeman.
Buchelt, B., Fr czkiewicz-Wronka, A., & Dobrowolska, M. (2020). The Organizational Aspect of Human Resource Management as a Determinant of the Potential of Polish Hospitals to Manage Medical Professionals in Healthcare 4.0. Sustainability, 12(12), 5118. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125118
Cámara de Diputados. (2019). Ley Federal de Trabajo. https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lft/LFT_ref30_01may19.pdf
Câmara, P., Guerra, P. & Rodrigues, J. (2013). Humanator XXI. Dom Quixote.
Castillo-Abdul, B., Pérez-Escoda, A., & Civila, S. (2021). Social media fostering happiness management: Three luxury brands case study on Instagram. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 22(3), 491-505. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-05-2021-0201
Collins, J. (2001, enero 1). Level 5 Leadership: The Triumph of Humility and Fierce Resolve. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2001/01/level-5-leadership-the-triumph-of-humility-and-fierce-resolve-2
Costa, J. (2011). Para comprender el DIRCOM. Intersecciones en comunicación, 1(5), 161-178.
Chawla, N.V., Bowyer, K.W., Hall, L.O., Kegelmeyer, W.P. (2002) SMOTE: Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique, J. Artif. Intell. Res., 16, 321-357. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.953
Dar, N., Ahmad, S., & Rahman, W. (2022). How and when Overqualification Improves Innovative Work Behaviour: The roles of Creative Self-Confidence and Psychological Safety. Personnel Review, 51(9), 2461-2481. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-06-2020-0429
De Sendagorta, E. (2008). El humanismo en el liderazgo empresarial. Revista Empresa y Humanismo, 11(2), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.15581/015.11.33286
De Waal, A. (2018). Increasing Organisational Attractiveness: The Role of the HPO and Happiness at Work Frameworks. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 5(2), 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-10-2017-0080
Diario Oficial de la Federación. (2018). NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-035-STPS-2018, Factores de riesgo psicosocial en el trabajo- Identificación, análisis y prevención. https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5541828&fecha=23/10/2018
Díaz-García, G. A., Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M., & Ravina-Ripoll, R. (2024). Happy Leadership, Now More Than Ever. International Journal of Happiness and Development, 8(3), 223-243. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2024.137967
Edgar, F., & Geare, A. (2014). An Employee-Centred Analysis: Professionals’ Experiences and Reactions to HRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(5), 673-695. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.803137
Elshof, M., & Hendrawan, B. (2022). Humanistic Communication Professionals: Dialogue and Listening Skills as Core Competencies of Humanistic Communication Professionals in the Netherlands. Journal of Communication Management, 26(3), 236-253. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-12-2020-0162
Entekhaby, M. (2023). Human Resource Management Challenges And Opportunities In Developing Countries (Iran). Revista Economica, 75(3). https://doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2023-0024
Enwereuzor, I. K., Adeyemi, B. A., & Onyishi, I. E. (2020). Trust in Leader as a Pathway Between Ethical Leadership and Safety Compliance. Leadership in Health Services, 33(2), 201-219. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-09-2019-0063
European Commission. Directorate General for Research and Innovation. (2021). Industry 5.0: Towards a Sustainable, Human Centric and resilient European industry. Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/308407
Gabel-Shemueli, R., & Riva Zaferson, F. A. (2021). Toward an Understanding of the Relationship Between LMX and Performance Over Time: The Role of Trust in Leader and Appraisal Satisfaction. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 34(4), 578-593. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-12-2020-0255
Galiano-Coronil, A., & Blanco-Moreno, S. (2024). Employee satisfaction and retention: social marketing and happiness. Retos, 14(28), 237-259. https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n28.2024.04
Galvan-Vela, E., Ravina Ripoll, R., Salazar Altamirano, M. A., & Sorzano Rodriguez, D. M. (2024). El trinomio compromiso, satisfacción y justicia organizacional en el binomio felicidad e intención de rotar. Retos, 14(28), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n28.2024.01
Galván-Vela, E., Ravina Ripoll, R., & Bello-Campuzano, M. R. (2024). Capítulo 1. Propuesta para el estudio del happiness management por medio de un marco lógico bidireccionado. En Tiempos de happiness management, tecnología y marketing social. Tirant lo Blanch. https://www-tirantonline-com-mx.udlap.idm.oclc.org/cloudLibrary/ebook/info/9788411832175
García-Buades, M. E., Peiró, J. M., Montañez-Juan, M. I., Kozusznik, M.W., & Ortiz-Bonnín, S. (2020). Happy-Productive Teams and Work Units: A Systematic Review of the ‘Happy-Productive Worker Thesis’. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010069
Grant, D., & Shields, J. (2002). In Search of the Subject: Researching Employee Reactions to Human Resource Management. The Journal of Industrial Relations, 44(3), 313-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/1472-9296.00052
Hendriks, M., Burger, M., Rijsenbilt, A., Pleeging, E., & Commandeur, H. (2020). Virtuous Leadership: A Source of Employee Well-Being and Trust. Management Research Review, 43(8), 951-970. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-07-2019-0326
Hernández, Y. E. R., & Jaramillo, A. F. S. (2021). Caracterización de las actividades de trabajo en equipo en una empresa. Revista Perspectiva Empresarial, 8(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.16967/23898186.722
Imran, F., Khuram, S., Butt, Z., & Kantola, J. (2020). Leadership Competencies for Digital Transformation: Evidence from Multiple Cases. En J. I. Kantola, S. Nazir, & V. Salminen (Eds.), Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Leadership: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, and Human Factors in Management and Leadership, July 16-20, 2020, USA (Vol. 1209). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50791-6
INEGI. (2020). INEGI presenta los resultados definitivos del Censo Económico 2019. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2020/OtrTemEcon/CenEconResDef2019_Nal.pdf
Iqbal, A., Ahmad, I., & Latif, K. F. (2021). Servant Leadership and Organizational Deviant Behaviour: Interpreting Some Contradictory Results from Public Sector of Pakistan. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(7), 1136-1152. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2020-0305
Joyce, A., Moussa, B., Elmes, A., Campbell, P., Suchowerska, R., Buick, F., Barraket, J., & Carey, G. (2022). Organisational Structures and Processes for Health and Well-Being: Insights from Work Integration Social Enterprise. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1624. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13920-4
Keenoy, T. (1999). HRM as Hologram: A Polemic. Journal of Management Studies, 36(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00123
Kemendi, Á., Michelberger, P., & Mesjasz-Lech, A. (2022). Industry 4.0 And 5.0–Organizational And Competency Challenges Of Enterprises. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 26(2), 209-232. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2022.26.2.13
Kõiv, K., Liik, K., & Heidmets, M. (2019). School Leadership, Teacher’s Psychological Empowerment and Work-Related Outcomes. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(7), 1501-1514. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2018-0232
Leana, C. R., & Pil, F. K. (2006). Social Capital and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Urban Public Schools. Organization Science, 17(3), 353-366. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1060.0191
Llano, A. (2010). Responsabilidad y humanismo en la empresa actual. Mercurio Peruano. (523) 35-52. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3691160.pdf
Lozano Gutiérrez, M. D. (2022). Liderazgo y comunicación integral en las pymes restauranteras. En Comunicación Organizacional para el Siglo XXI (pp. 177-217). Eólica Grupo Editorial.
Lozano Gutiérrez, M. D. (2022). Comunicación Productiva, Estilos De Liderazgo Y Compromiso En El Servicio. Una Investigación Mixta Sobre La Pertenencia, El Trabajo En Equipo Y La Orientación Al Consumidor En Restaurantes De Gastronomía Mexicana En Puebla. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28558.74566
Lozano Gutiérrez, M. D., & Duran Bravo, P. (2023). Comunicación y liderazgo en la cultura organizacional de las empresas restauranteras: Una aproximación conceptual. Organicom, 20(43), 28-41. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-2593.organicom.2023.214459
Mironova, O. I., Ruonala, L. A., & Volodarskaya, E. A. (2022). Socio-psychological Conditions for Forming Trust-Based Relationships Between Employees in Commercial Organizations. En Cooperation and Sustainable Development (pp. 213-222). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77000-6_25
MMS México. (2024, julio 22). Pymes manufactureras de México cerca de recuperar nivel de empleo previo a la pandemia. https://www.mms-mexico.com/noticias/post/pymes-manufactureras-de-mexico-cerca-de-recuperar-nivel-de-empleo-previo-a-la-pandemia
Mroueh, M., & De Waal, A. (2020). Measuring Happiness at Work in a Takaful Organization. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 7(2), 139-154. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-04-2020-0050
Naciones Unidas. (2022). La pandemia frenará la economía durante los dos próximos años, prevé el Banco Mundial. Noticias ONU. https://news.un.org/es/story/2022/01/1502402
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266. https://doi.org/10.2307/259373
Nosnik, A. (2012). TEORÍA DE LA COMUNICACIÓN PRODUCTIVA. Homosapiens.
Oliveira, L. B. de, Cavazotte, F., & Dunzer, R. A. (2019). The Interactive Effects of Organizational and Leadership Career Management Support on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(10), 1583-1603. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09585192.2017.1298650
Onça, S. D. S., Bido, D. D. S., & Carvalho, A. D. S. C. (2018). Clima e comportamentos de aprendizagem grupal. Organizações & Sociedade, 25(86), 392-412. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-9250863
Pedro, J. M. (2009). Contabilización e evaluación de capital conocimiento. Universidade Católica Editora.
Pereira Mazzi, R. A., Marques, H. R., & Ravina Ripoll, R. (2024). Gestão da felicidade enquanto direito inalienável do ser humano. En Tiempos de happiness management, tecnología y marketing social, 2024, ISBN 9788411832168, (pp. 165-180). Tirant lo Blanch. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=9329033
Pizzolitto, E., Verna, I., & Venditti, M. (2023). Authoritarian Leadership Styles and Performance: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda. Management Review Quarterly, 73(2), 841-871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00263-y
Porter, M., & Kramer, M. (2011). “Creating Shared Value”. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62-77. https://www.communitylivingbc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Creating-Shared-Value.pdf
Qu, K., Xu, J., Hou, Q., Qu, K., Sun, Y. (2023). Feature selection using Information Gain and decision information in neighborhood decision system, Appl. Soft Comput., 136, 110100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110100
Rahal, F. E. Z. M., & Farmanesh, P. (2022). Does Servant Leadership Stimulate Work Engagement in the Workplace? The Mediating Role of Trust in Leader. Sustainability, 14(24), 16528. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416528
Ramírez-Herrero, V., Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M., & Medina-Merodio, J.-A. (2024). Intergenerational Leadership: A Leadership Style Proposal for Managing Diversity and New Technologies. Systems, 12(2), 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12020050
Ravina-Ripoll, R., Nunez-Barriopedro, E., Almorza-Gomar, D., & Tobar-Pesantez, L.-B. (2021). Happiness Management: A Culture to Explore From Brand Orientation as a Sign of Responsible and Sustainable Production. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.727845
Ravina Ripoll, Bayardo Tobar Pesantez, L., Galiano Coronil, A., & Eduardo Ahumada Tello. (2022). El Happiness Management. Un cisne amarillo que vuela hacia el marketing social, la felicidad y el bienestar. Tirant lo Blanch. https://www-tirantonline-com-mx.udlap.idm.oclc.org/cloudLibrary/ebook/info/9788419376350
Ravina Ripoll, Ortiz De Urbina Criado, M., & Díaz García, G. (2023). Happy Leadership, Now More than Ever. International Journal of Happiness and Development, 1(1), 10060264. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2023.10060264
Ravina-Ripoll, R., Galván-Vela, E., Popescu, C. R. Gh., & Ahumada-Tello, E. (2023). Guest Editorial: Exploring Happiness in the Workplace as an Essential Theme for Developing Managers Post-Pandemic. Journal of Management Development, 42(6), 421-424. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-07-2023-512
Ravina-Ripoll, R., Galvan-Vela, E., Sorzano-Rodríguez, D. M., & Ruíz-Corrales, M. (2023). Mapping intrapreneurship through the dimensions of happiness at work and internal communication. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 28(2), 230-248. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-03-2022-0037
Rosa, L. A. B. D., Röhrs, B. S., Rodrigues, M. C. M., Campos, W. Y. Y. Z., Sousa, M. J. D., & Barbieri, L. C. (2023). Talent Management: The Role of Learning Orientation in Fostering Dynamic Organizational Capabilities. Revista Gestão e Desenvolvimento, 20(2), 224-249. https://doi.org/10.25112/rgd.v20i2.3221
Savaneviciene, A., & Girdauskiene, L. (2020). Leadership in Ensuring Positive Socio-Psychological Experiences of Employees. En J. I. Kantola, S. Nazir, & V. Salminen (Eds.), Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Leadership: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, and Human Factors in Management and Leadership, July 16-20, 2020, USA (Vol. 1209, pp. 629-635). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50791-6
Secretaría de Economía. (2024). Mipymes mexicanas: Motor de nuestra economía [Dataset]. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/923851/20240626_Dosier_MIPYMES_SALIDA_Interactivo_5_.pdf
Sender, G., Carvalho, F., & Guedes, G. (2021). The Happy Level: A New Approach to Measure Happiness at Work Using Mixed Methods. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 160940692110024. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211002413
Sorour, M. K., Boadu, M., & Soobaroyen, T. (2021). The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Organisational Identity Communication, Co-Creation and Orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 173(1), 89-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04481-w
Taylor, M., & Kent, M. L. (2014). Dialogic Engagement: Clarifying Foundational Concepts. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(5), 384-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.956106
Taylor, A. (2022). Rethinking Leadership for a Green World (1.a ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003190820
Thelen, P. D., & Formanchuk, A. (2022). Culture and internal communication in Chile: Linking ethical organizational culture, transparent communication, and employee advocacy. Public Relations Review, 48(1), 102137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102137
Villafañe, J. (2005). La gestión de los intangibles empresariales. Comunicação e Sociedade, 8, 101-113. https://doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.8(2005).1185
Wuersch, L., Neher, A., & Peter, M. (2022). Digital internal communication: An interplay of socio-technical elements. International Journal of Management Reviews, 25(3), 614-639. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12323
Zeb, A., Goh, G. G. G., Javaid, M., Khan, M. N., Khan, A. U., & Gul, S. (2023). The Interplay Between Supervisor Support and Job Performance: Implications of Social Exchange and Social Learning Theories. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 15(2), 429-448. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-04-2021-0143
Número
Sección
CESIÓN DE DERECHOS
Al enviar el artículo para su evaluación y posterior publicación en la revista Empresa y Humanismo, el AUTOR cede de manera exclusiva los derechos patrimoniales y/o de explotación: reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública, transformación/traducción/
En el caso de que el artículo no fuera aceptado para su publicación, esta cesión de derechos decae con la comunicación de la negativa al AUTOR.
El AUTOR afirma que el artículo es inédito, que no ha sido enviado simultáneamente a otro medio de publicación y que los derechos no han sido cedidos de forma exclusiva con anterioridad. Se hace responsable frente a la Universidad de Navarra a través de su Servicio de Publicaciones de la autoría y originalidad de su obra, así como de todas las cargas pecuniarias que pudieran derivarse para Universidad de Navarra a través de su Servicio de Publicaciones, a favor de terceros con motivo de acciones, reclamaciones o conflictos derivados del incumplimiento de obligaciones por parte del AUTOR.