Selma Delalić e-mail(Inicie sesión) , Adem Olovčić e-mail(Inicie sesión)

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Selma Delalić e-mail(Inicie sesión)
Adem Olovčić e-mail(Inicie sesión)

Resumen

82

El objetivo de este trabajo es arrojar luz sobre los paradigmas teóricos dominantes y mostrar su sostenibilidad en los últimos 150 años, siguiendo el contexto histórico de la interrelación entre política y guerra. Partiendo de la tesis de Clausewitz sobre la guerra como continuación de la política por otros medios violentos, este artículo analiza las guerras dominantes en el siglo xx, la Primera y la Segunda Guerra Mundial, sus causas y su conexión con la política, que resulta ser un elemento esencial de toda guerra. En concreto, la guerra siempre ha sido la consecuencia de decisiones políticas y, como tal, una importante herramienta política para conseguir un determinado objetivo. En este contexto, el periodo de la Guerra Fría confirma inequívocamente la tesis realista de Clausewitz, demostrando que la guerra no es necesariamente un conflicto armado, pero que no deja de ser una cuestión política. Tras el colapso de la Unión Soviética y el fin de la Guerra Fría, el realismo y el liberalismo recuperaron protagonismo y surgieron como teorías significativas sobre la guerra y la seguridad. Ambas teorías hunden sus raíces en el siglo xx, por lo que su paradigma resulta insuficiente para responder a las nuevas cuestiones que plantea la naturaleza del mundo interdependiente. Sin embargo, estas teorías, especialmente el liberalismo, muestran su aplicación práctica y se sitúan en el núcleo de la base ideológica para la formación de la Unión Europea. En este sentido, Europa, tras siglos de guerras libradas en su territorio, muestra la posibilidad de una cooperación exitosa. En consecuencia, la guerra aparece no sólo como una continuación de la política por medios violentos, sino como un elemento constitutivo de los sistemas y estados del mundo moderno.

Palabras clave

Política, Guerra, Realismo, Liberalismo, Unión Europea

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Selma Delalić, Associate Professor for International Relations and European Studies. International Burch University (Sarajevo)