Norman Sempijja e-mail(Inicie sesión) , Collin Olebogeng-Mongale e-mail(Inicie sesión)

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Autores/as

Norman Sempijja e-mail(Inicie sesión)
Collin Olebogeng-Mongale e-mail(Inicie sesión)

Resumen

330

El período posterior a la guerra fría ha sido testigo de una evolución en la naturaleza de los conflictos, desde las nuevas guerras de los años noventa hasta los conflictos asimétricos que implican la militarización de los civiles. Con ello se ha logrado el doble objetivo de operar dentro de las filas de los combatientes (en el caso de las mujeres) como esposas e hijas de los combatientes, e infligir daño a los adversarios mediante ataques suicidas. Por consiguiente, la militarización de las mujeres en el caso de las guerras de Siria y Nigeria ha suscitado tanto problemas de seguridad humana para las comunidades contra las que se dirigen los ataques como para las mujeres armadas. El mayor dilema al que se han enfrentado los Estados de origen ha sido si aceptar el regreso de las mujeres armadas y rehabilitarlas o declararlas apátridas. Ha habido una clara tendencia a la «securitización » especialmente cuando se tiene en cuenta la dinámica política interna. Este estudio cualitativo utiliza un enfoque de estudio de casos para ahondar en los desafíos de seguridad humana que se derivan de la militarización de las mujeres en el caso de Boko Haram y el Estado Islámico entre 2001 y 2018. El documento se basa además en un análisis de contenido para profundizar en el discurso sobre la seguridad humana. Mediante el uso de un marco conceptual de seguridad humana y la teoría de la securitización, el documento sostiene que, aunque una vez convertidas en armas, algunas mujeres se convierten en amenazas para la seguridad humana de las comunidades objetivo, y también se enfrentan a desafíos de seguridad humana durante y después de la insurgencia, es necesario tratar con las mujeres caso por caso en lugar de seguir una política general de securitización. Los Estados deben colaborar con las organizaciones internacionales en los procesos de acción encaminados a impartir justicia, desmovilizar, rehabilitar y reintegrar a esas mujeres. De esta manera se respetará el derecho internacional y el respeto de los derechos humanos.

Palabras clave

militarización, securitización, Boko Haram, Estado Islámico, Nigeria, Siria, Seguridad Humana, desmovilización, rehabilitación

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