Training data journalists. An analysis of postgraduate programs in Spanish universities and the degrees of professionals
Main Article Content
Abstract

This article takes a closer look at the training of data journalists by examining in detail the postgraduate courses offered in Spanish universities. The starting point is a systematic compilation of the official degrees in this field that can be found in the databases of the Spanish Ministry of Universities, as well as a comparative analysis of the existing degrees for two academic years (2020/2021 and 2022/2023). This quantitative study is complemented by a survey of Spanish-speaking data journalism professionals about their training. The goal of this research is to shed light on current training in this discipline, which is one of the most promising for the future of journalism. The findings reflect an emerging but still evolving educational landscape consisting of fourteen specialised data journalism degree programmes, all of which will be offered as postgraduate programmes in the 2022/2023 academic year. These postgraduate programmes are primarily internal and offered by private universities. However, our survey of professionals showed that only 7% of communication specialists have training in this journalistic field. Consequently, Spain is one of the countries where data journalism has not yet fully taken hold in newsrooms due to a lack of adequate training and appropriately trained professionals.
Keywords
References
APM (2020). Informe anual de la profesión periodística 2019. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3FTb0al
Appelgren, E. (2017). An Illusion of Interactivity: The paternalistic side of data journalism. Journalism Practise. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1299032
Appelgren, E. & Lindén, C.-G. (2020). Data Journalism as a Service: Digital Native Data Journalism Expertise and Product Development. Media and Communication, 8(2), 62. https://www.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2757
Arias-Robles, F. & López López, P. J. (2020). Driving the Closest Information. Local Data Journalism in the UK. Journalism Practice, 15(5), 638-650. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1749109
Banda, F. (2013). Model curricula for journalism education: a compendium of new syllabi. UNESCO. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3rKK2Nh
Berret, C., Phillips, C. & Coll, S. (2016). Teaching data and computational journalism. Columbia Journalism School. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3tRXUaX
Bradshaw, P. (2018). Data journalism teaching, fast and slow. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 28(1), 55-66. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1326365X18769395
Boyles, J. & Meyer, E. (2016). Letting the data speak. Digital Journalism, 4(7), 944-954. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1166063
Boyles, J. L. & Meyer, E. (2017). Newsrooms accommodate data-based news work. Newspaper Research Journal, 38(4), 428-438. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0739532917739870
Broussard, M. & Boss, K. (2018). Saving Data Journalism. Digital Journalism, 6(9), 1206-1221. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1505437
Burns, L. S. & Matthews, B. J. (2018). First Things First: Teaching Data Journalism as a Core Skill. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 28(1), 91-105. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1326365X18765530
Chaparro, M. A. (2014). El periodismo de datos y su enseñanza en el contexto universitario. Historia y comunicación social, 19(2) 43-54. https://www.doi.org/10.5209/rev_HICS.2014.v19.45009
Charles, A. (2010). Journalists of the future need data skills, says Berners-Lee. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3AszeHq [17/01/2021]
Coddington, M. (2015). Clarifying journalism's quantitative turn: A typology for evaluating data journalism, computational journalism, and computer-assisted reporting. Digital Journalism, 3(3), 331-348. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976400
Davies, K. & Cullen, T. (2016). Data Journalism Classes in Australian Universities: Educators Describe Progress to Date. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 26(2), 132-147. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1326365X16668969
Davies, K. (2018). Getting Started with Data Journalism: A Baby Steps Approach. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 28(1), 106-111. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1326365X18767460
Desai, A., Nouvellet, P., Bhatia, S., Cori, A. & Lassmann, B. (2021). Data journalism and the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities and challenges. The Lancet. Digital health, 3(10), e619-e621. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00178-3
Faria Brandão, R. (2019). Challenging Data-Driven Journalism. Journalism Practice, 13(8), 927-930. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1647792
Fink, K. & Anderson, C. W. (2015). Data Journalism in the United States. Journalism Studies, 16(4), 467-481. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.939852
Hammond, P. (2017). From computer-assisted to data-driven: journalism and big data. Journalism, 18(4), 408-424. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1464884915620205
Heravi, B. (2018). 3Ws of Data Journalism Education. Journalism Practice, 13(3), 349-366. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2018.1463167
Heravi, B. R., Mcleod, J., Eds, P. W. & Hutchison, D. (2018). Data Journalism in 2017: A Summary of Results from the Global Data Journalism Survey. Transforming Digital Worlds, 10766, 107-113. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78105-1
Hewett, J. (2016). Learning to teach data journalism: Innovation, influence and constraints. Journalism, 17(1), 119-137. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1464884915612681
Flew, T., Spurgeon, C., Daniel, A. & Swift, A., (2012). The promise of computational journalism. Journalism Practice, 6(2), 157-171. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.616655
Flores-Vivar, J. & Salinas-Aguilar, C. (2013). El periodismo de datos como especialización de las organizaciones de noticias en Internet. Correspondencias & Análisis, 3, 15-34. https://www.doi.org/10.24265/cian.2013.n3.01
Flores-Vivar, J. M. & López-López, P. J. (2020). Radiografia del periodisme de dades a les facultats de Comunicació espanyoles: innovar els estudis de grau en Periodisme. Anàlisi, 62, 77. https://www.doi.org/10.5565/rev/analisi.3273
Guallar, J. & Peiró, K. (2013). Introducció al periodisme de dades. Característiques, panoràmica i exemples. Item, 57, 23-36. Retrieved from https://raco.cat/index.php/Item/article/view/269701
Guo, L. & Volz, Y. (2019). (Re)defining Journalistic Expertise in the Digital Transformation: A Content Analysis of Job Announcements. Journalism Practice, 13(10), 1294-1315. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1588147
Kashyap, G. & Bhaskaran, H. (2020). Teaching data journalism: insights for Indian journalism education. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 30(1), 44-58. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1326365X20923200
Lee, K. C. & Fleming, C. A. (1995). Problems of Introducing Courses in Computer-Assisted Reporting. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 50(3), 23-34. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/107769589505000304
Lewis, N. P. (2021). Defining and teaching data journalism: a typology. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 76(1), 78-90. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1077695820924309
Lewis, N. P., McAdams, M. & Stalph, F. (2020). Data journalism. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 75(1), 16-21. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1077695820904971
Lewis, S. C. & Usher, N. (2013). Open source and journalism: toward new frameworks for imagining news innovation. Media, Culture & Society, 35(5), 602-619. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0163443713485494
López, P. (2019) La enseñanza-aprendizaje del periodismo de datos en las facultades españolas: estudios y propuestas de viabilidad. Doctoral Thesis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Retrieved from https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/50688/
López-García, X., Toural-Bran, C. & Rodríguez-Vázquez, A.-I. (2016). Software, estadística y gestión de bases de datos en el perfil del periodista de datos. El Profesional de La Información, 25(2), 286-294. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.mar.16
Lorenz, M. (2010). Data driven journalism: What is there to learn? IJ-7 Innovation Journalism Conference, Stanford, CA, June 7-9. Retrieved from http://ij7.innovationjournalism.org/
McBride, R. (2020). The stories behind the data. Significance, 17(2), 10-11. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/1740-9713.01370
Nguyen, A. & Lugo-Ocando, J. (2016). The state of data and statistics in journalism and journalism education: Issues and debates. Journalism, 17(1), 3-17. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1464884915593234
Obermayer, B. & Obermaier, F. (2016). The Panama papers: breaking the story of how the rich and powerful hide their money. London: Oneworld.
Örnebring, H. & Mellado, C. (2016). Valued skills among journalists: An exploratory comparison of six European nations. Journalism, 19(4), 445-463. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916657514
Palomo, B. & Palau-Sampio, D. (2016). El periodista adaptativo. Consultores y directores de innovación analizan las cualidades del profesional de la comunicación. El Profesional de La Información, 25(2), 188. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.mar.05
Rodríguez, J. & Clark, A. (2021). Big data y periodismo: cómo el periodismo estadounidense está adoptando el uso de Big data: How American Journalism is Adopting the Use of Big Data. Novum Jus, 15(1), 69-89. https://www.doi.org/10.14718/NovumJus.2021.15.1.4
Saavedra Llamas, M., Herrero De la Fuente, M. & Castillo Lozano, E. (2020). La formación en periodismo de datos en España: radiografía de la oferta académica universitaria. Anàlisi: Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura, 62, 93-109. https://www.doi.org/10.5565/rev/analisi.3283
Sánchez, P. (2013). Propuesta metodológica para el análisis comparado de los planes de estudio en la licenciatura y el grado de periodismo en la universidad española. Actas del 2º Congreso Nacional sobre Metodología de la Investigación en Comunicación (pp. 365-382). Segovia: Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Jurídicas y de la Comunicación (UVa‐Segovia).
Splendore, S., Di Salvo, P., Eberwein, T., Groenhart, H., Kus, M. & Porlezza, C. (2016). Educational strategies in data journalism: A comparative study of six European countries. Journalism, 17(1), 138-152. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1464884915612683
Stalph, F. (2017). Classifying Data Journalism. Journalism Practice, 12(1), 1332-1350. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1386583
Struijs, P., Braaksma, B. & Daas, P. J. (2014). Official statistics and Big Data. Big Data & Society, 1(1). https://www.doi.org/10.1177/2053951714538417
Tejedor, S. (2006). La enseñanza del ciberperiodismo en las licenciaturas de Periodismo de España. Doctoral Thesis. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Retrieved from https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/4188#page=1
Tomás Frutos, J. (2008). Estudio, análisis e interpretación de la formación de periodistas en el caso de Murcia [Universidad de Murcia]. Retrieved from https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/10761/TomasFrutos.pdf
Tong, J. & Zuo, L. (2019). The inapplicability of objectivity: understanding the work of data journalism. Journalism Practice. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2019.1698974
Weiss, A. S. & Retis-Rivas, J. (2018). 'I Don't Like Maths, That's Why I am in Journalism': Journalism Student Perceptions and Myths about Data Journalism. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 28(1), 1-15. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1326365X18780418
Wimmer, R. D. & Dominick, J. R. (1996): La investigación científica de los medios de comunicación: una introducción a sus métodos. Barcelona: Bosch.
Yarnall, L. et al. (2008). How post-secondary journalism educators teach advanced CAR data analysis skills in the digital age. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 63(2), 146-164. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/107769580806300204
Details
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
RIGHTS TRANSFER
By submitting the article for evaluation and subsequent publication in Communication & Society, the AUTHOR exclusively assigns the rights of public communication, reproduction, distribution and sale for commercial exploitation to the University of Navarra through its Publications Service, for the maximum legal term in force -the entire life of the author and seventy years after his death or declaration of death-, in any country, and in any of the current and future edition modalities, both in print and electronic versions.
In the event that the article is not accepted for publication , this transfer of rights lapses with the communication of the refusal to the AUTHOR.
The AUTHOR affirms that the article is unpublished, that it has not been sent simultaneously to another publication medium and that the rights have not been transferred exclusively previously. He is responsible to the University of Navarra through its Publications Service for the authorship and originality of his work, as well as for all pecuniary charges that may arise for the University of Navarra through its Publications Service, in favor of third parties due to actions, claims or conflicts arising from the breach of obligations by the AUTHOR.