About the Journal | Communication & Society

Who we are

Editorial Board

Editor
• Enrique Guerrero-Pérez, University of Navarra, Pamplona (Spain)

Co-Editor
• Lourdes Esqueda, University of Navarra, Pamplona (Spain)

Assistant Editors
• Adriana Gordejuela, University of Navarra, Pamplona (Spain)
• María Fernanda Novoa, University of Navarra, Pamplona (Spain)

Associate Editors
• José Fernández Cavia, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona (Spain)
• Manuel Goyanes, Carlos III University of Madrid, Madrid (Spain)
• Summer Harlow, The University of Texas at Austin (USA)
• Olaf Jandura, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf (Germany)
• Claudia Mellado, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso (Chile)
• Patricia Phalen, The George Washington University, Washington, DC (USA)
• Antonio Sánchez-Escalonilla, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid (Spain)
• Javier Serrano-Puche, University of Navarra, Pamplona (Spain)
• Hyunsun Yoon, City St. George's, University of London, London (UK)

Reviewers Committee

• View List (A-M)
• View List (N-Z)

English Proofreader

• Cóilín Ó hAodha, University of Navarra, Pamplona (Spain)

Contact

Editorial Office

Communication & Society
School of Communication
Universidad de Navarra
31080 Pamplona (Navarra)
SPAIN
articlescomsoc@unav.es
@JournalCommSoc
Tel.: (+34) 948 425 600 Ext. 802343

Manuscripts should be submitted through our online submission system. Please do not send complete manuscripts by e-mail.

Publishing Office

Publication-related enquiries and Rights and Permissions enquiries
For any general pre-submission queries, including e.g. article types, indexing, timeline; for queries related to journal publishing or permission requests to reuse or reprint content, and for requesting author or reviewer certificates, please contact:
Mercedes Alonso de Diego
malonsod@unav.es
Tel.: (+34) 948 425 600 * Ext. 803102

Submission-related enquiries
Queries about submission issues, peer review process, publishing costs and APCs, or the status of your manuscript and queries about accepted manuscripts in production or post-publication corrections should be sent to:
Rafael Heredero Ordoyo
rhereder@unav.es
Tel.: (+34) 948 425 600 * Ext. 803155

Subscriptions
Queries about subscriptions or Individual issues should be sent to:
Esther Marín Murugarren
emarinm@unav.es
Tel.: (+34) 948 425 600 * Ext. 802626

Production

For related enquiries about layout process
Elena Moreno Jordana
Pamplona (Navarra)
SPAIN
emorenojordana@telefonica.net

Focus and Scope

International in scope and open to scholars and researchers from all over the world, Communication & Society is an online journal founded in 1988. Formerly known as Comunicación y Sociedad, it has been published entirely in English since October 2014, with the option of a Spanish version. Articles are open access. They are published monthly, following an early access model. Two different issues collect these articles, one in June and another in December. Each June we publish a monographic special issue with the assistance of guest editors.

Its main goal is to make outstanding research contributions to the field of communication from a variety of perspectives, both theoretical and empirical. It includes journalism studies, advertising, public relations, broadcast and film studies, political communication, ethics, media history, communication policy, political economy, marketing and new media, among others. Methodological rigor and valuable research results are required for review and publication. The evaluation process follows the requirements of double-blind peer review

Section Policies

If you want to send a paper to the journal, please check the Instruccions for Authors.

Articles

The Articles section is open to free participation. The submissions are submitted to the evaluation process and published in order of acceptance date. This section provides visualization and download statistics as well as other metrics.
Contributions submitted to this section will be subject to double-blind peer review.

Special Issues

Each year Communication & Society publishes a special issue devoted to a monographic topic, with a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 12 articles. These special issues are published in June, separately from the Miscellaneous issue.

Proposals should be sent to the editors by email and should include: (a) the name and institution of the editor(s) along with a brief CV; (b) a 600-1,000-word abstract detailing the general direction and rationale of the issue, a list of topics to be addressed, and how it fits within the overall scope of Communication & Society.

Proposals will be evaluated by the Editorial Board. If approved, a publication date will be set, along with a deadline for submission of articles. These articles will undergo the same peer-review process by the Editorial Board and external reviewers as those in the Miscellaneous issues. The guest editors of the special issue will participate in the peer review process, assigning reviewers and guiding authors in the revision of their manuscripts as well as in the proofreading process.

Papers should be uploaded to the platform in the same way as for the regular issues, except that they should be marked as being for the special issue

Open Access Policy

Communication & Society provides open access to all published content, to facilitate its dissemination and promote research, supporting an exchange of knowledge.

Anti-plagiarism Policy

To ensure the originality of the manuscripts, the journal will use the Turnitin anti-plagiarism tool.

The similarity assessment criteria will always be subject to the decision of the Editorial Committee. Each case will be considered individually. Depending on the type of plagiarism detected, the author will be informed to correct his errors or actions, or his manuscript will be irrevocably rejected.

The control of possible plagiarism will be carried out before the peer review begins.

Preservation Policy

This journal carries out preservation processes through the PKP PLN tool that allows preserving the Journal’s content regardless of where it is hosted. It uses the distributed preservation network model used by a LOCKSS Private Network supported by the organizational commitment of PKP partners and sponsors who are also members of the LOCKSS alliance. More information at https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2386-7876

Complementarily, the Journal’s issues and articles are stored on external hard drives and digital data storage (cloud storage).

Interoperability Protocol

This journal provides an interface OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative – Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) that allows other websites and information services to harvest the published content metadata.

Specifications:
OAI-PMH Protocol Version 2.0
Dublin Core Metadata

URL for harvesters:
https://revistas.unav.edu/index.php/communication-and-society/oai

Publication Fees

Once an article is accepted for publication, authors are required to cover the cost of layout formatting with a fee of €160 per article. In the case of a bilingual publication, the total fee is €320. Please be aware that the editing and layout process will not begin until payment has been received. To make payment arrangements or if you have any questions, please contact Rafael Heredero (rhereder@unav.es).

Publication Frequency

In Communication & Society, each volume includes two miscellaneous issues and one special issue. The miscellaneous issues are published online in June (No. 1) and December (No. 2), following the "early access" or "continuous publishing" model (i.e., articles are published monthly before being assembled into an issue). The first issue of each year comprises all the articles published from January to June. Similarly, the second issue includes articles published from July through December. The special issues are published in June.

Journal Workflow

Submit your anonymized article through the journal's OJS. Make sure that your name is removed from the properties of the manuscript.

The journal will automatically confirm receipt of the article. If the author has any problems with the platform, please contact our technical support (Rafael Heredero: rhereder@unav.es).

Within 30 working days, the Editorial Board will carry out a first editorial review of the articles received to assess the compliance with the minimum quality and the adaptation to the aims and scope of the journal, as long as the articles are anonymized both in the manuscript and in the properties of the document file.

The reviewing process may take up to 6 months. In this part of the process, our editorial team assigns the manuscript for review to experts in the field of research. Reviewers will send back their report in one month approximately: publish with minor revisions, publish with major revisions or reject. Upon receipt of the review reports, the editorial team will inform the authors whether their manuscript has been accepted for publication or rejected. Authors will receive the reviewers' reports with the notification of the decision. In case of conflicting reviews, the manuscript will be sent to a third reviewer. In all cases, the Editor will make the final decision.

Authors should resubmit a revised version of the manuscript with a revision table within one month maximum. Both authors and reviewers remain anonymous during the review process.

Once the article is accepted for publication, the author must pay €160 per published article; if the Spanish version is also published, the author must pay €320. We try to publish the article within 3 to 5 months from the date of acceptance, depending on the topic and the number of articles previously scheduled.

Communication & Society does not receive any other financial support, nor does it charge readers for access to articles. Our fee is used to cover the layout costs of all manuscripts. For this reason, editing and layout will not proceed until payment is received. Please contact Rafael Heredero (rhereder@unav.es) to pay the fee.

Instructions to Reviewers

The system of double-blind peer review, based on anonymous and independent evaluation by experts, is a key standard of high quality scientific journals. The Editorial Board will carefully consider your comments before making a decision regarding the submitted manuscript. If there is any reason that might prevent you from providing an anonymous, independent and fair review of the article, please do not hesitate to let us know.

We guarantee the confidentiality of both authors and reviewers. The manuscript submitted for review is a private document: please do not share it with others or disclose its contents unless it is eventually published. Your review will also remain anonymous: only those comments that the journal deems most relevant to improving the manuscript will be shared with the authors, and the identity of the reviewers will never be revealed. If any part of your review is intended only for the Editorial Board and not for the authors, please indicate this in the appropriate field.

If the study requires it, reviewers are encouraged to incorporate a gender perspective into the review process and their review reports. This includes considering whether the study provides sex/gender disaggregated analyses and whether gender relevance is addressed in the research design, presentation of results, discussion, and limitations of the study.

In order to keep the review process efficient and to avoid unnecessary delays for authors, please complete the review form as soon as possible.

Manuscript Review Form

You can consult the form sent to referees to conduct the review report at the following link.

List of Previous Reviewers

Communication & Society would like to acknowledge and express its gratitude to the reviewers who have helped the journal with their knowledge during 2024.

External Reviewers Index and Gender of the Reviewers

Year 2024: 186 reviewers: 100% external reviewers, 34% international, 52% men, 48% women

External Authorship Index and Gender of the Authors

Average 2024: 65 articles 97,92% external authors, 28,15% international, 57,02% men, 42.98% women
37/4 (2024): 19 articles, 100% external authors, 44,68% international, 59,57% men, 40,43% women
37/3 (2024): 17 articles, 100% external authors, 25,58% international, 51,16% men, 48,84% women
37/2 (2024): 17 articles, 100% external authors, 13,16%international, 63,16% men, 36,84% women
37/1 (2024): 12 articles, 91,67% external authors, 29,17% international, 54,17% men, 45,83% women

Average 2023: 57 articles 96,33% external authors, 31,17% international, 50,96% men, 49,04% women
36/4 (2023): 12 articles, 91,67% external authors, 12,50% international, 50% men, 50% women
36/3 (2023): 12 articles, 100% external authors, 18,52% international, 62,96% men, 37,04% women
36/2 (2023): 21 articles, 97,22% external authors, 47,22%international, 44,44% men, 55,56% women
36/1 (2023): 12 articles, 96,43% external authors, 46,43% international, 46,43% men, 53,57% women

Average 2022: 58 articles 96,14% external authors, 14,63% international, 43,11% men, 56,89% women
35/4 (2022): 12 articles, 93,10% external authors, 17,24% international, 24,14% men, 75,86% women
35/3 (2022): 11 articles, 94,45% external authors, 4,55% international, 54,55% men, 45,45% women
35/2 (2022): 20 articles, 96% external authors, 18% international, 50%men, 50% women
35/1 (2022): 15 articles, 100% external authors, 18,75% international, 43,75% men, 56,25% women

Average 2021: 64 articles 97% external authors, 21,09% international, 47,25% men, 52,75% women
34/4 (2021): 12 articles, 100% external authors, 21,43% international, 39,29% men, 60,71% women
34/3 (2021): 12 articles, 100% external authors, 28% international, 40% men, 60% women
34/2 (2021): 28 articles, 100% external authors, 14,93% international, 53,73% men, 46,27% women
34/1 (2021): 12 articles, 88% external authors, 20% international, 56% men, 44% women

Average 2020: 57 articles 100% external authors, 22,90% international, 51,51% men, 49,02% women
33/4 (2020): 12 articles, 100% external authors, 23,81% international, 66,67%men, 33,33% women
33/3 (2020): 12 articles, 100% external authors, 29,17% international, 37,5% men, 62,5% women
33/2 (2020): 21 articles, 100% external authors, 18,60% international, 41,86% men, 58,14% women
33/1 (2020): 12 articles, 100% external authors, 20% international, 60% men, 40% women

Listings in Databases, Deputable Directories and Archives

Communication & Society can be found through indexing
services, online delivering platforms and portals for journals.

Databases:

SCOPUS

Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)

FECYT
Calidad de Revistas Científicas Españolas

ProQuest
Specific databases: - ABI/INFORM Collection. - Periodical Index Online. - SA Sociological Abstracts. - SSA Social Services Abstracts.

EBSCO
Specific databases: Academic Search Premier. Academic Search Ultimate. Communication & Mass Media Complete (CMMI). Communication Source. Fuente Académica Plus.

DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)

Library services:

MIAR
Information Matrix for the Analysis of Journals

CIRC
A ranking of academic journals of social sciences and humanities based on their quality standards

Google Scholar

REDIB (Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico)

Platforms and journals evaluation services:

Dialnet métricas

DICE (Difusión y Calidad Editorial de las Revistas Españolas e Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas) - ANECA
Its aim is to facilitate the knowledge and consultation of some of the publishing characteristics of the Spanish Social Sciences and Humanities scientific journals.

ERIH PLUS (European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences)

LATINDEX catalogue
This catalogue is the result of the cooperation of many institutions which are doing networking in order to offer worldwide the biggest selection of journals and books on Social Sciences in Spanish.

RESH (Revistas Españolas de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas) - CSIC
Integrated valuation and cites index

Repositories:

DIALNET - University of La Rioja, Spain. Dialnet is an Internet portal for diffusion of the Spanish and Latin American scientific production.
DADUN - Dadun is the institutional repository that uses open access to collect, preserve and disseminate papers that reflect the academic and scientific activity at the University of Navarra.

More info:

Member of FELAFACS, and Red Iberoamericana de Revistas de Comunicación y Cultura.

Disclaimer

The content of articles is the sole responsibility of the authors. In no event shall the University of Navarra be responsible for the credibility and authenticity of articles.
Authors wishing to include images, figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.

Statement of Good Practice

The quality standards for scientific journals require the inclusion, as part of their general criteria, of a statement of good publishing practices to which the Editor, Editorial Board, reviewers and authors must adhere.

In this regard, Communication & Society operates according to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines for the Editor, Editorial Board, reviewers and authors.

1. Editor's / Director's Obligations

Communication & Society is governed by the ethical guidelines inspired by COPE Core Practices and Guidelines (2017). These guidelines apply to all those involved in the publication of the journal: editors and their journals, publishers and institutions. The COPE Core Practices will be taken into account in conjunction with national and international codes of conduct specific to research, which they are not intended to replace.

Responsibility: The Editor is responsible for the decision whether or not to publish the articles received. In addition, he/she is responsible for any other content published in his/her journal. To this end, he/she will ensure that articles are reviewed by experts in the field.

In making these decisions, the Editor should be guided both by the policies of the journal's Editorial Board and by legal requirements regarding defamation, copyright infringement and plagiarism. The Editor may consult with other members of the Editorial Board or with reviewers in making publication decisions.

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI): The Editor is responsible for ensuring that the editing, authoring and peer review processes leading to publication incorporate good practice and ethical, accountable and transparent behaviour by all parties involved. This includes the use of AI during the editing process.

The editing and authoring processes of Communication & Society will never rely on AI, the use of which will be restricted to being a support tool to make these processes faster or more efficient. The Editor will ensure that authors, peer reviewers and Editorial Board members are adequately informed about their use of AI. Reviewers may not resort to the use of AI to evaluate manuscripts (Vid. infra).

Warning: in none of the editing, authoring and peer review processes, manuscripts received for evaluation may be uploaded (in whole or in part) into an AI application, as their content could potentially become part of the training data. Confidential information would be shared and the authors' intellectual property rights would be infringed.

Journal Management: The Editor will work closely with a diverse and effective Editorial Board.

He/she will communicate regularly with all members with decision-making power over the journal and meet with them as often as necessary (virtually if necessary).

Actively will involve Editorial Board members in the peer review process where appropriate.

Access to and retention of data: the Editor may request authors to provide original data relating to a refereed paper. In any case, authors must be willing to retain such data for a reasonable time after publication.

Fairness: During the evaluation process, the Editor shall assess only the scientific content of the articles, without letting aspects related to race, gender, religious beliefs, citizenship, ethnicity or political philosophy of the authors affect his/her decisions. It will avoid any bias in editorial decision-making.

Authorship: The Editor declines any responsibility for possible conflicts arising from the authorship of papers published in the journal.

The ideas, data and opinions expressed in the published works are the sole responsibility of the authors, who are also responsible for obtaining the corresponding permissions for publication, for ensuring that the published works are carried out in accordance with the ethical criteria governing research and that they are in accordance with professional ethics.

Confidentiality: The Editor and other members of the Editorial Board may only share information regarding submitted manuscripts with the author, reviewers, potential reviewers and others involved in the publication process.

Intellectual Property: Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in the Editor's own research without the express written consent of the author. Similarly, privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review should be kept confidential and not used for personal gain.

Inclusive Language: Communication & Society adheres to the goals established by the United Nations whereby “using gender-inclusive language means speaking and writing in a way that does not discriminate against a particular sex, social gender or gender identity, and does not perpetuate gender stereotypes”. (https://www.un.org/es/gender-inclusive-language/index.shtml).

This objective must be compatible with "other discursive or pragmatic postulates, such as those of equivalence, adequacy, convenience, aesthetics and, especially, the principle of economy" (Position of the RAE of January 16, 2020, § 8.1), and also with respect for the linguistic system.

It is recommended to take into account the guidelines of the aforementioned United Nations website and the report and other publications of the Royal Spanish Academy (https://www.rae.es/sites/default/files/Informe_lenguaje_inclusivo.pdf).

Peer review processes: The Editor should endeavour to ensure a fair and appropriate peer review process. Editors should refrain (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the Editorial Board to review in their place) from reviewing manuscripts where they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies or institutions (possibly) related to the articles.

Post-publication discussions and corrections: The Editor should require all contributors to disclose relevant competing interests and publish corrections if competing interests are disclosed after publication. If necessary, other appropriate action, such as publication of a retraction or an expression of concern should be taken.

Misconduct: In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, such as copyright infringement, fraudulent publication, plagiarism or self-plagiarism, the Publisher, in close cooperation with the journal Editors, will take all appropriate measures to clarify the situation and modify the article in question. This includes the prompt publication of an expression of concern or, in the most severe cases, the complete retraction of the work concerned.

Complaints and appeals: Communication & Society will respond to all complaints or suspicions of research or publication misconduct raised by readers, reviewers, or other editors. The Editor will take reasonable action when ethical complaints are raised in connection with a submitted manuscript or published article. The journal will evaluate cases of possible plagiarism or duplicate/redundant publication related to a submitted manuscript or published article.

In other cases - publisher or reviewer misconduct - the journal may request an investigation by the institution itself or other appropriate bodies. Each reported act of unethical behaviour will be investigated, even if it is discovered years after publication.

In case of possible retraction, the Editor shall be guided by the COPE Retractions Guidelines.

In case of infringement of rights, the author is solely responsible for the consequences.

In cases of defamation and plagiarism, the Editor will reject the received papers.

In case of self-plagiarism, each case will be considered on a case-by-case basis. A decision will be taken on the basis of the amount of reused text, its nature - original research or not - the original source and the copyright. The decision will be based on the COPE Text Recycling Guidelines.

Complaints and Appeals: Communication & Society will respond to all complaints or suspicions of research or publication misconduct raised by readers, reviewers, or other editors. The Editor will take reasonable action when ethical complaints are raised in connection with a submitted manuscript or published article. The journal will evaluate cases of possible plagiarism or duplicate/redundant publication related to a submitted manuscript or published article.

In other cases - publisher or reviewer misconduct - the journal may request an investigation by the institution itself or other appropriate bodies. Each reported act of unethical behaviour will be investigated, even if it is discovered years after publication.

Involvement and cooperation in research: the Editor must maintain the integrity of the scholarly record, prevent commercial needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards, and always be ready to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions and apologies when necessary.

2. Reviewers' Obligations

Contribution to the editorial decision: The publication of an article in the journal Communication & Society involves a double-blind peer review system. The reviewers will assist the Editorial Board in editorial decisions and will collaborate with the author to improve their work if necessary.

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Communication & Society does not endorse the use of AI in the review process. Reviewers may not resort to the use of AI to evaluate manuscripts.

Warning: Manuscripts received for evaluation may not be uploaded (in whole or in part) into an AI application to supplement the review process, as their content could potentially become part of the training data. Confidential information would be shared and the authors' intellectual property rights would be infringed.

Qualification and timeliness: all selected reviewers must state whether they are qualified to review the proposed article and, if so, to deliver the review within the deadline.

Confidentiality: any manuscript received by the reviewer must be treated as a confidential document. It should not be shown or discussed with anyone, unless authorised by the Editorial Board.

Standards of objectivity and respect: evaluations should be conducted with complete objectivity and using language that is respectful of the author and the work: personal criticism of the author is always inappropriate. Evaluators should express their reviews clearly and with arguments.

Acknowledgement of sources: where possible, reviewers should identify relevant publications that have not been cited by the authors. Reviewers should advise the Editor of any substantial similarities between the manuscript and any other publications of which they are aware.

Conflict of interest: Privileged information obtained in the review process must be considered confidential and may not be used for personal gain. Reviewers may not evaluate manuscripts that are in conflict of interest due to competitive, collaborative, or other connected relationships with the authors, companies, or institutions linked to the article in question.

Misconduct: reviewers must avoid situations of citation coercion, suggesting to authors citations to the journal in the reviewed articles; alteration of one's anonymity in double-blind peer review; any kind of predatory practices, such as the use of false names, demand for payment and false review; and simulated coordination of monographs, cases in which the journal does not allow the coordinator of a volume to review or decide which texts will be published, producing a "use" of the identity and academic prestige of the coordinator.

3. Authors' Obligations

Rules for the presentation of articles: authors should submit original and scientifically rigorous articles. They should also present an accurate description of the work performed, as well as an objective discussion of its importance. The underlying data should be accurately represented in the manuscript. The work must contain sufficient references to allow the reviewers to carry out their replications. Overt fraud is unacceptable behavior that violates the ethics of the procedure.

Personal data: authors must provide their contact information to be used during the evaluation process and, if applicable, for the publication of the article. Personal information will not be provided to third parties or for use for other purposes.

Originality and plagiarism: authors agree to submit original papers and to cite appropriately, in accordance with the journal's guidelines, works by other authors.

In order to detect possible plagiarism, submitted papers will be analyzed with the Turnitin anti-plagiarism tool before being sent to reviewers.

Multiple or redundant publications: as a general rule, authors may not publish articles that contain results already published in other works. Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time is unacceptable behavior that violates the ethics of the procedure.

Acknowledgement of sources: authors should provide an appropriate acknowledgement of the bibliographic sources that have made possible the preparation of their work.

In the case of use of an observation, derivation or argument that has been previously reported, the author must accompany it with the corresponding citation.

Authors who use artificial intelligence tools in the writing of a manuscript, the production of images or graphic elements of the article, or in the collection and analysis of data, should be transparent and declare how it was used and what tool was used. The authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, including those parts produced by any artificial intelligence tool.

Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Authors using Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in the writing of a manuscript must be transparent and state how and in which parts of the text it was used, and which tool was used, always in accordance with the usage and citation recommendations in the Guidelines for Authors.

Warning: Once the manuscript has been written, it cannot be uploaded (in whole or in part) to an AI application to complement the review process, as its content could potentially become part of the training data. Confidential information would be shared - the manuscript would no longer be original - and the author's intellectual property rights would be violated.

Authors are fully responsible for the content of their manuscript, even those parts produced by an artificial intelligence tool.

Authorship and contributorship of a manuscript: authorship will be limited to those persons who have taken part in the gestation, design and execution of the work.

All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. When there are other persons who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be named in an acknowledgements section.

The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate coauthors (as defined above) and no inappropriate coauthors are listed as authors of the manuscript, and that all coauthors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have accepted its submission for publication.

Artificial intelligence tools cannot be listed as an author of an article. They do not meet authorship requirements, as they cannot assume responsibility for an article. They lack legal personality, and cannot assert the presence or absence of conflicts of interest nor manage copyright agreements.

Conflict of interest: authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other conflicts of interest that could affect the results or their interpretation and therefore the evaluation of their work (e.g., employment, consultancies, property rights, honoraria, testimonials of contracted experts, patent applications/records, and grants or other funding).

Sources of funding: every author shall mention the sources of funding of the project that has given rise to the article.

Fundamental errors in published works: when an author discovers a significant error in his/her published work, it is his/her obligation to promptly communicate this fact to the Editor of the journal and cooperate with him/her in the withdrawal or correction of the article.

Inclusive Language

Communication & Society adheres to the goals established by the United Nations whereby “using gender-inclusive language means speaking and writing in a way that does not discriminate against a particular sex, social gender or gender identity, and does not perpetuate gender stereotypes”. (https://www.un.org/es/gender-inclusive-language/index.shtml). This objective must be compatible with "other discursive or pragmatic postulates, such as those of equivalence, adequacy, convenience, aesthetics and, especially, the principle of economy" (Position of the RAE of January 16, 2020, § 8.1), and also with respect for the linguistic system. It is recommended to take into account the guidelines of the aforementioned United Nations website and the report and other publications of the Royal Spanish Academy (https://www.rae.es/sites/default/files/Informe_ lenguaje_inclusivo.pdf).

Sex / Gender Analysis

Where relevant and to ensure an inclusive and equitable approach to academic production, we encourage authors to include a sex/gender analysis in their manuscripts. This analysis should address the relevance of these factors in the study design, methodological approach, interpretation of results, discussion, and limitations of the study. It is also recommended that the conclusions reflect potential sex/gender differences, thereby ensuring greater rigor and depth in the treatment of the issues addressed.