Cuarenta años de polarización ideológica en España
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Este artículo analiza la evolución de la polarización ideológica en el sistema de partidos español desde 1979. Se propone una reformulación del índice de Dalton para medir la polarización en España y se aplica a las 14 elecciones generales celebradas desde la aprobación de la Constitución. Los resultados indican una evolución con dos periodos distintos de siete elecciones cada uno y un claro aumento de la polarización ideológica desde 2015, alcanzando un máximo histórico en la actualidad. La medición de la polarización ideológica se complementa con la volatilidad y la competencia electoral generada por la llegada de nuevos partidos. Los mayores incrementos de la polarización se produjeron en elecciones que encajan en el concepto de elecciones críticas, es decir, elecciones que producen un cambio sustancial y duradero en los alineamientos electorales
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