Tourist Destination Placement in Fiction Films: An Applied Research Proposal
Main Article Content
Abstract

The study here proposed draws on the concept of the so-called “film-induced tourism”, understood as a strategy for promoting tourist destinations in fiction films. This objective is pursued through the development of an analysis model that enables the identification of the unique features of the destination as a space where the events depicted in the films occur, their function and their relationship with other narrative variables. The model has been applied to a corpus of films that other researchers have identified as essential for the growth of tourism to the locations they present. The results suggest that the space needs to be referential, irrespective of whether the diegetic space is the same as the filming location, that its status should be closer to the character than to the setting, that its mise-en-scène should emphasize the interaction with other characters, or that it should be essential in events that shape the structure of the story.
Keywords
References
Aumont, J. & Marie, M. (1990). Análisis del film. Barcelona: Paidós.
Baloglu, S. & McClearly, K. (1999). A Model of Destination Image Formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868-897. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00030-4
Baños, M. & Rodríguez, T. (2012). Imagen de marca y product placement. Madrid: ESIC.
Baños, M. & Rodríguez, T. (2013). El recuerdo del product placement en el espectador y su relación con la estructura dramática. Estudio de caso en el cine de Alex de la Iglesia. Comunicación y Sociedad, 26(2), 147-175.
Beeton, S. (2016). Film-Induced Tourism. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
Bolan, P. & Williams, L. (2008). The role of image in service promotion: focusing on the influence of film on consumer choice within tourism. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 32(4), 382-390. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2008.00672.x
Bordwell, D. (1996). La narración en el cine de ficción. Barcelona: Paidós.
Busby, G. & Klug, J. (2001). Movie-induced tourism: The challenge of measurement and other issues. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(4), 316-332. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/135676670100700403
Carmona, R. (1991). Cómo se comenta un texto fílmico. Madrid: Cátedra.
Casetti, F. & Di Chio, F. (1991). Cómo analizar un film. Barcelona: Paidós.
Chatman, S. (2013). Historia y discurso. La estructura narrativa en la novela y en el cine. Barcelona: RBA.
Connell, J. (2012). Film Tourism: Evolution, Progress and Prospects. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1007-1029. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.008
Cynthia D. & Beeton S. (2009). Supporting independent film production through tourism collaboration. Tourism Review International, 13(2), 113-119. https://www.doi.org/10.3727/154427209789604624
D’Astous, A., Séguin, N. & Chartier, F. (2000). A Study of Factors Affecting Consumer Evaluations and Memory of Product Placements in Movies. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22(2), 31-40. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2000.10505106
Dyer, R. (2001). Las estrellas cinematográficas. Historia, ideología, estética. Barcelona: Paidós.
Fernández, A. & Young, R. (2008). Measuring the Effects of Film and Television on Tourism to Screen Locations: A Theoretical and Empirical Perspective. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 24(2-3), 195-212. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/10548400802092742
Frost, W. (2006). Braveheart-ed Ned Kelly: Historic Films, Heritage Tourism and Destination Image. Tourism Management, 27(2), 247-254. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.09.006
Frost, W. (2010). Life changing experiences: film and tourists in the Australian outback. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 707-726. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.01.001
Gallarza, M. G., Gil, I. & Calderón, H. (2002). Destination Image: Towards a Conceptual Framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 56-78. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7
García Jiménez, J. (1993). Narrativa audiovisual. Madrid: Cátedra.
Gartner, W. C. (1994). Image Formation Process. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2(2-3), 191-216. https://www.doi.org/10.1300/J073v02n02_12
Gaudreault, A. & Jost, F. (1995). El relato cinematográfico. Cine y narratología. Barcelona: Paidós.
Grihault, N. (2003). Film Tourism: The Global Picture, Travel & Tourism Analyst, October 2003. London: Mintel International Group.
Gupta, P. B. & Lord, K. R. (2012). Product Placement in Movies: The Effect of Prominence and Mode on Audience Recall. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 20(1), 47-59. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/10641734.1998.10505076
Hao, X. & Ryan, C. (2013). Interpretation, Film Language and Tourist Destinations: A Case Study of Hibiscus Town, China. Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 334-358. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.02.016
Hudson, S. & Ritchie, J. R. (2006a). Promoting Destinations via Film Tourism: An Empirical Identification of Supporting Marketing Initiatives. Journal of Travel Research, 44(4), 387-396. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0047287506286720
Hudson, S. & Ritchie, J. R. (2006b). Film tourism and destination marketing: the case of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12(3), 256-268. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1356766706064619
Hudson, S., Wang, Y. & Gil, S. (2011). The influence of a film on Destination Image and the Desire to Travel: A Cross-Cultural Comparision. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(2), 177-190. https://www.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.808
Iwashita, C. (2006). Media representation of the UK as a destination for Japanese tourists: popular culture and tourism. Tourist Studies, 6(1), 59-77. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1468797606071477
Kim, S. (2012). Audience involvement and film tourism experiences: Emotional places, emotional experiences. Tourism Management, 33, 387-396. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.04.008.
Kim, H. & Richardson, S. (2003). Motion Picture Impacts on Destination Images. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 216-237. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00062-2
Lehu, J. & Bressoud, E. (2009). Recall of Brand Placement in Movies: Interactions between Prominence and Plot Connection in Real Conditions of Exposure. Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 24(1), 7-26. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/205157070902400102
Macionis, N. (2004). Understanding the film-induced tourist. In W. Frost, W. G. Croy & S. Beeton (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Tourism and Media Conference (pp. 86-97). Melbourne: Tourism Research Unit, Monash University.
Méndiz, A. (2014). Estrategias de city placement (emplazamiento de ciudades en el cine) en la promoción del turismo español. El caso de Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (Sólo se vive una vez, 2011). Pensar la Publicidad, 8(2), 215-232. https://www.doi.org/10.5209/rev_PEPU.2014.v8.n2.50734
Méndiz, A. (2018) City placement: concepto, literatura científica y método de análisis. In M. Mut Camacho & E. Camarero Calandria (Eds.), Nuevos tratamientos informativos y persuasivos (pp. 221-230). Madrid: Tecnos.
Monterde, J. E., Selva, M. & Solà, A. (2001). La representación cinematográfica de la historia. Madrid: Akal.
Morgan, N. & Pritchard, A. (1998). Tourism Promotion and Power. Creating Images, Creating Identities. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons.
Nieto Ferrando, J., Del Rey Reguillo, A. & Afinoguenova, E. (2015). Narración, espacio y emplazamiento turístico en el cine español de ficción (1951-1977). Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 70, 584-610. https://www.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2015-1061.
Olsberg/SPI. (2007). How film and TV programmes promote tourism in the UK. London: Film Council.
Pan, S. & Tsang, N. (2014). Inducible or Not - A Telltale from Two Movies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 31(3), 397-416. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.883345
Redker, C., Gibson, B. & Zimmerman, I. (2013). Liking of Movie Genre Alters the Effectiveness of Background Product Placements. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35(3), 249-255. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2013.785400
Riley, R. & Van Doren, C. S. (1992). Movies as Tourism Promotion: A Pull Factor in a Push Location. Tourism Management, 13(3), 267-74. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(92)90098-R
Riley, R., Baker, D. & Van Doren, C. S. (1998). Movie Induced Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 919-935. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0
Russell, C. A. (2002). Investigating the Effectiveness of Product Placements in Television Shows: The Role of Modality and Plot Connection Congruence on Brand Memory and Attitude. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3), 306-318. https://www.doi.org/10.1086/344432
Sánchez Escalonilla. A. (2014). Estrategias de guión cinematográfico. Barcelona: Ariel.
Shani, A., Wang, S., Hudson, S. & Gil, S. M. (2009). Impacts of a historical film on the destination image of South America. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(3), 229-242. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1356766709104269
Tooke, N. & Baker, M (1996). Seeing is Believing: The Effect of Film on Visitor Numbers to Screened Locations. Tourism Management, 17(2), 87-94. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(95)00111-5
Trivett, V. & Skift Team (2013). The Rise of Destination Marketing Through Movies and TV. Skift. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2MiPa8m
Tzanelli, R. (2003). Casting the Neohellenic Other: Tourism, the culture industry, and contemporary Orientalism in Captain Corelli’s Mandolin (2001). Journal of Consumer Culture, 3(2), 217-244. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/14695405030032004
Vale, E. (1996). Técnicas del guion para cine y televisión. Gedisa: Barcelona.
Valenzuela, L., Martínez, C. & Yáñez, F. (2015). Influencia del placement sobre la memoria explícita e implícita de estudiantes universitarios. Comunicar, 44(XXII), 169-176. https://www.doi.org/10.3916/C44-2015-18
Details
Article Details
RIGHTS TRANSFER
By submitting the article for evaluation and subsequent publication in Communication & Society, the AUTHOR exclusively assigns the rights of public communication, reproduction, distribution and sale for commercial exploitation to the University of Navarra through its Publications Service, for the maximum legal term in force -the entire life of the author and seventy years after his death or declaration of death-, in any country, and in any of the current and future edition modalities, both in print and electronic versions.
In the event that the article is not accepted for publication , this transfer of rights lapses with the communication of the refusal to the AUTHOR.
The AUTHOR affirms that the article is unpublished, that it has not been sent simultaneously to another publication medium and that the rights have not been transferred exclusively previously. He is responsible to the University of Navarra through its Publications Service for the authorship and originality of his work, as well as for all pecuniary charges that may arise for the University of Navarra through its Publications Service, in favor of third parties due to actions, claims or conflicts arising from the breach of obligations by the AUTHOR.