Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalism: transformations in the company, products, contents and professional profile
Article Sidebar
1430)
Main Article Content
Authors
Abstract
3008
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising innovation frameworks with the potential to transform our relationship with technology. Particularly in journalism, AI is beginning to make its way transversally into the news production process and into the structure and functioning of the media. This article aims to anticipate how AI will impact on the Spanish media ecosystem and explain the medium-term transformations that are already being felt. The research approach is of an exploratory and descriptive nature, with a qualitative methodology based on Delphi-like in-depth interviews, encompassing an intentional sample of academic representatives, relevant associations and leading companies in the field of technology and communication. The results point out that AI will allow the extension of the current automated text news to audio and video on demand, it will favour that news can have a non-linear unstructured consumption, it will promote changes in the business model through new ways of relating with the audience and distribution of the product. Also, variations in the professional profile with a less operative journalist who will avoid routines –even of personal nature– that can be imitated by the machine and increase its cognitive contribution to the news production.
Keywords
References
Broussard, M. (2019). Artificial unintelligence. How computers misunderstand the world. MIT Press. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2019.1655942
Carlson, M. (2015). The robotic reporter: automated journalism and the redefinition of labor, compositional forms, and journalistic authority. Digital journalism, 3(3), 416-431.
Caswel, D. (2019). Structured Journalism and the Semantic Units of News. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1134-1156. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1651665
Clerwall, C. (2014). Enter the robot journalist. Journalism Practice, 8(5), 519-531.
COM (2018). 237 Artificial Intelligence for Europe Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2018/ES/COM-2018-237-F1-ES-MAIN-PART-1.PDF
Diakopoulos, N. (2014). Algorithmic accountability. Digital Journalism 3(3), 398–415. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976411
Diakopoulos, N. (2019). Automating the News. London: Harvard University Press
Dierickx, L. (2019). Automated information and new actors in journalistic processes. On Journalism, 8(2), p. 158.
Dörr, K. & Hollnbuchner, K. (2017). Ethical Challenges of Algorithmic Journalism. Digital Journalism, 5(4), 404-419. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1167612
Dörr, K. (2016). Mapping the field of algorithmic journalism. Digital Journalism, 4(6), 700–722. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1096748
Edge, A. (2014). Ophan: key metrics informing editorial at The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/how-ophan-offers-bespoke-data-to-inform-content-at-the-guardian/s2/a563349
European Broadcasting Union (2019). News report 2019 the next newsroom unlocking the power of AI for public service journalism. EBU. Retrieved from https://www.ebu.ch/publications/strategic/login_only/report/news-report-2019
Fletcher, R, Schifferes, S. & Thurman, N. (2020). Building the ‘Truthmeter’: Training algorithms to help journalists assess the credibility of social media sources. Convergence, 26(1),19-34. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517714955
Flew, T., Spurgeon, C. H. & Swift A. (2012). The promise of computational journalism. Journalism Practice, 6(2), 157–171. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.616655
Flores Vivar, J. M. (2019). Inteligencia artificial y periodismo: diluyendo el impacto de la desinformación y las noticias falsas a través de los bots. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 197-212. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a10
Ford, H. & Hutchinson, J. (2019). Newsbots that mediate journalist and audience relationships. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1013-1031. https://www.doi.org10.1080 / 21670811.2019.1626752
Graefe, A. (2016). Guide to automated journalism. Retrieved from https://www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/guide_to_automated_journalism.php
Gran, A. B., Booth, P. & Bucher, T. (2020). To be or not to be algorithm aware: a question of a new digital divide? Information. Communication & Society, 1-18. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1736124
Hansen, M., Roca-Sales, M., Keegan, J. et al (2017). Artificial Intelligence: Practice and Implications for Journalism. Brown Institute for media innovation and the tow center for digital journalism. Columbia Journalism School, p. 7. https://www.doi.org/10.7916/d8x92prd
Helberger, N. (2019). On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 993-1012. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700
Jones, B. & Jones, R. (2019). Public service chatbots: automatic conversation with BBC News. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1032-1053. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1609371
Karlsen, J. & Stavelin, E. (2014). Computational journalism in Norwegian newsrooms. Journalism Practice, 8(1), 34–48. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.813190
Kim, J., Lee, K., Kim, Y., Kuppuswamy, N. S. & Jo, J. (2007). Ubiquitous robot: a new paradigm for integrated services. In 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, (pp. 2853–2858). Roma: IEEE.
Lecompte, C. (2015). Automation in the newsroom. Nieman Reports, 69(3), 32–45. Retrieved from http://niemanreports.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/NRsummer2015.pdf
Lindén, C. (2017). Algorithms for journalism: the future of news work. The Journal of Media Innovation, 4(1), 60-76. https://www.doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v4i1.2420
Marconi, F. & Siegman, A. (2017). The future of augmented journalism: a guide for newsrooms in the age of smart machines. About AP insights. Retrieved from https://insights.ap.org/uploads/images/the-future-of-augmented-journalism_ap-report.pdf
Matsumoto, R., Nakayama, H. & Harada, T. (2007). Journalist robot: robot system making news articles from real world. Paper presented at the 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, Oct 29-Nov 2. https://www.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2007.4399598
Napoli, P. (2012). Audience evolution and the future of audience research. International Journal on Media Management, 14(2), 79-97. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2012.675753
Newman, N. (2020). Journalism, media and technology: trends and predictions for 2020 (ES). London: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism & Oxford University. Retrieved from https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/periodismo-medios-y-tecnologia-tendencias-y-predicciones-para-2020
Oppenheimer, A. (2018). Sálvese quien pueda. El futuro del trabajo en la era de la automatización. Madrid: Debate.
Oremus, W. (2015). No more pencils, no more books. Slate. Retrieved from http://publicservicesalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Adaptive-learning-software-is-replacing-textbooks-and-upending-American-education.-Should-we-welcome-it.pdf
Rojas Torrijos, J. L. & Toural Bran, C. (2019). Periodismo deportivo automatizado. Estudio de caso de AnaFut, el bot desarrollado por El Confidencial para la escritura de crónicas de fútbol. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 235-254. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a12
Salazar, I. (2018). Los robots y la inteligencia artificial. Nuevos retos del periodismo. Doxa Comunicación, 27, 295–315. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n27a15
Saurwein, F. (2019). Emerging structures of control for algorithms on the Internet en Media Accountability in the Era of Post-Truth Politics. In T. Eberwein, S. Fengler & M. Karmasin (Eds.), European Challenges and Perspectives, (Chapt. 13). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Segarra-Saavedra, J., Cristòfol, F. J. & Martínez-Sala, A. M. (2019). Inteligencia artificial (IA) aplicada a la documentación informativa y redacción periodística deportiva. El caso de BeSoccer. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 275-286. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a14
Slaček, S. & Tomanić, I. (2019) Algoritmizacija nacionalne tiskovne agencije: primer STA, Javnost-The Public, 26(1), S62-S81. https://www.doi.org/10.1080 / 13183222.2019.1696601
Soffer, O. (2019). Algorithmic personalization and the two-step flow of communication, Communication Theory, qtz008. https://www.doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz008
Stavelin, E. (2014). Computational journalism: when journalism meets programming. Doctoral Thesis. University of Bergen.
Túñez-López, J. M., Toural-Bran C. & Frazão-Nogueira A. G. (2020). From Data Journalism to Robotic Journalism: The Automation of News Processing. In J. Vázquez-Herrero, S. Direito-Rebollal, A. Silva-Rodríguez & X. López-García (Eds.), Journalistic Metamorphosis. Studies in Big Data, vol 70. Springer, Cham. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36315-4_2
Túñez-López, M., Toural-Bran, C. & Cacheiro-Requeijo, S. (2018). Uso de bots y algoritmos para automatizar la redacción de noticias: percepción y actitudes de los periodistas en España. El profesional de la información, 27(4), 750-758. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.04
Túñez-Lopez, M., Toural-Bran, C. & Valdiviezo, C. (2019). Automation, bots and algorithms in newsmaking. Impact and quality of artificial journalism. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 74, 1411-1433. https://www.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1391en
Ufarte Ruiz, M. J.& Manfredi Sánchez, J. L. (2019). Algoritmos y bots aplicados al periodismo. El caso de Narrativa Inteligencia Artificial: estructura, producción y calidad informativa. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 213-233. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a11
Valdiviezo-Abad, C. & Bonini, T. (2019). Automatización inteligente en la gestión de la comunicación. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 169-196. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a9
Vállez, M. & Codina, L. (2018). Periodismo computacional: evolución, casos y herramientas. El profesional de la información, 27(4), 759-768. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.05
Van Dalen, A. (2012). The algorithms behind the headlines. Journalism Practique, 6(5-6), 648–658. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.667268
VVAA (2019). Estrategia española de I+D+i en Inteligencia Artificial. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Retrieved from http://www.ciencia.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Ciencia/Ficheros/Estrategia_Inteligencia_Artificial_IDI.pdf
VVAA (2019). AIoT How IoT Leaders Are Breaking Away. SAS, Intel & Deloitte. Retrieved from https://www.sas.com/sas/offers/19/aiot-how-iot-leaders-are-breaking-away-emea.html
Wölker, A. & Powell, T. E. (2018). Algorithms in the newsroom? News readers perceived credibility and selection of automated journalism. Journalism, Practice & Criticism. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1464884918757072
Wu, S., Tandoc, E. C. & Salmon C. H. (2019). A Field Analysis of Journalism in the Automation Age: Understanding Journalistic Transformations and Struggles Through Structure and Agency. Digital Journalism, 7(4), 428-446. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1620112
Yanfang, W. (2019). Is Automated Journalistic Writing Less Biased? An Experimental Test of Auto-Written and Human-Written News Stories. Journalism Practique, 14, 1-21. https://www.doi.org10.1080 / 17512786.2019.1682940
Details
Article Details
RIGHTS TRANSFER
By submitting the article for evaluation and subsequent publication in Communication & Society, the AUTHOR exclusively assigns the rights of public communication, reproduction, distribution and sale for commercial exploitation to the University of Navarra through its Publications Service, for the maximum legal term in force -the entire life of the author and seventy years after his death or declaration of death-, in any country, and in any of the current and future edition modalities, both in print and electronic versions.
In the event that the article is not accepted for publication , this transfer of rights lapses with the communication of the refusal to the AUTHOR.
The AUTHOR affirms that the article is unpublished, that it has not been sent simultaneously to another publication medium and that the rights have not been transferred exclusively previously. He is responsible to the University of Navarra through its Publications Service for the authorship and originality of his work, as well as for all pecuniary charges that may arise for the University of Navarra through its Publications Service, in favor of third parties due to actions, claims or conflicts arising from the breach of obligations by the AUTHOR.
