Production and distribution of media news on Telegram
Article Sidebar
126)
Main Article Content
Authors
Abstract
253
Against the backdrop of the new attention economy (Giraldo-Luque & Fernández Rovira, 2020), which is based on attracting audience interest, this research analyses the production and distribution of media content through the emerging Telegram platform. Attracting the attention of the audience has become the main objective of the media in the digital environment. To achieve this aim, more personalised content is now being produced, and attempts are being made to reach the user in a more direct and personal way through instant messaging platforms, especially Telegram. Through a methodology based on data triangulation, documentary analysis, interviews, registration techniques, analysis sheets, as well as direct and indirect observation (Fernández-Ballesteros, 2004), this study addresses the rise of Telegram in journalism, in addition to the way in which the Spanish media distribute, produce, and use the information, as well as interaction with the audience. To this end, a strategic sample has been used, the results of which are applicable to the media analysed. The results of this research show that nearly half of the media analysed produce content and inform the user without considering interaction, while others try to approach the user with language that is informal and friendly, or through multimedia content such as videos, emoticons, and others. The media have suddenly appeared on Telegram in search of new market niches where they can produce content for new users, thereby pursuing the rationale of the attention economy.
Keywords
References
Akbari, A. & Gabdulhakov, R. (2019). Platform Surveillance and Resistance in Iran and Russia: The Case of Telegram. Surveillance & Society, 17(2), 223-231. https://www.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i1/2.12928
Artero, J. P. & Moraes, R. (2007). Opciones estratégicas de las agencias de noticias europeas: Reuters, France Presse y EFE. Comunicación y Sociedad, 21(1), 53-79. https://www.doi.org/10.15581/003.21.36289
Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación (AIMC) (June 15, 2020). Retrieved from http://reporting.aimc.es/index.html#/main/cockpit
Bilton R. (May 30, 2014). WhatsApp emerges as big share driver for publishers. DigiDay UK. Retrieved from http://digiday.com/media/publishers-see-big-sharing-numbers-via-whatsapp/
BBC News (September 13, 2018). Qué es la 'economía de la atención' y por qué tu Smartphone te hace parte de ella. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-45509092
Callejo-Gallego, J., Del Val-Cid, C., Gutiérrez-Brito, J. & Viedma-Rojas, A. (2009). Introducción a las técnicas de investigación social. España: Editorial Universitaria Ramón Areces.
Carlson, M. & Usher, N. (2016). News startups as agents of innovation: For-profit digital news startup manifestos as metajournalistic discourse. Digital Journalism, 4(5), 563-581. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1076344
Celis Bueno, C. (2017). Economía de la atención y visión maquínica: hacia una semiótica asignificante de la imagen. Hipertextos, 5(7), 41-55. Retrieved from https://revistas.unlp.edu.ar/hipertextos/article/view/7759
Contreras, M. F., Calabuig, M. & Falcón, M.D. (2016). La entrevista en profundidad como metodología en la Gestión Sostenible de la Cadena de Suministro. Actas - Investigación cualitativa en redes sociales, 3. Retrieved from https://proceedings.ciaiq.org/index.php/ciaiq2016/article/view/942
Cornia, A., Sehl, A., Levy, D. A. & Nielsen, R. K. (2018). Private Sector News, Social Media Distribution, and Algorithm Change. Oxford, UK: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism/University of Oxford.
Dargahi Nobari, A., Reshadatmand, N. & Neshati, M. (2017). Analysis of Telegram, An Instant Messaging Service. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (pp. 2035-2038). https://www.doi.org/10.1145/3132847.3133132
Dargahi Nobari, A., Sarraf, M., Neshati, M. & Erfanian Daneshvar, F. (2021). Characteristics of viral messages on Telegram; The world's largest hybrid public and private messenger. Expert Systems with Applications, 168, 114303. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114303
Davenport, T. H. & Beck, J. C. (2002). La economía de la atención: el nuevo valor de los negocios. Barcelona: Paidós.
Díaz-Noci, J. (2010). Medios de comunicación en internet: algunas tendencias. El Profesional de la Información, 19(6), 561-567. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2010.nov.01.
Dodds, T. (2019). Reporting with WhatsApp: Mobile chat applications' impact on journalistic practices. Digital Journalism, 7(6), 725-745. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1592693
Edwards, R. & Holland, J. (2013). What is a qualitative interviewing? London: Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472545244
EFE (2014, 08 de julio). EFE destaca su papel como principal agencia noticiosa en español. Eldiario.es. Retrieved from https://www.eldiario.es/cultura/efe-destaca-principal-noticiosa-espanol_1_4774081.html
Fernández-Ballesteros, R. (2004). Evaluación psicológica. Conceptos, métodos y estudio de casos. Madrid: Pirámide.
Flick, U. (2015). El diseño de la investigación cualitativa. Madrid: Morata.
García-Orosa, B., Otero-López, M., Vázquez-Herrero, J., Pérez-Seijo, S., Vizoso-García, N. & González-Veira, X. (2021). Capítulo 8. Nuevos formatos, nuevos modelos de producción y distribución. Espejo de Monografías de Comunicación Social, 3, 175-197. https://www.doi.org/10.52495/c8.emcs.3.p73
Gibbs, G. (2012). El análisis de datos cualitativos en investigación cualitativa. Madrid: Morata.
Giraldo-Luque, S. & Fernández-Rovira, C. (2020). Redes sociales y consumo digital en jóvenes universitarios: economía de la atención y oligopolios de la comunicación en el siglo XXI. Profesional de la información, 29(5), 1-15. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.sep.28
Goldhaber, M. H. (1997). The attention economy and the net. First Monday, 2(4) . https://www.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v2i4.519
Grice, P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and semantics (pp. 41-58). New York: Harper and Row.
Herrera-Damas, S. (2013). Indicaciones recurrentes en las normativas para el uso periodístico de las redes sociales. El profesional de la información, 22(1), 46-53. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2013.ene.06
Interactive Advertising Bureau Spain (2021). Estudio de redes sociales. Retrieved from https://iabspain.es/estudio/estudio-de-redes-sociales-2021/
Kermani, H. (2018). Telegramming News: How have Telegram channels transformed journalism in Iran? Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31, 168-187. https://www.doi.org/10.17829/turcom.423307
Krippendorf, K. (1990). Metodología de análisis de contenido. Barcelona: Paidós.
Lou, C., Tandoc Jr., E. C., Hong, L. X., Pong, X. Y. B., Lye, W. X. R. & Sng, N. G. T. (2021). When Motivations Meet Affordances: News Consumption on Telegram. Journalism Studies, 22(7), 934-952. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2021.1906299
Negreira-Rey, M. C., López-García, X. & Lozano-Aguiar, L. (2017). Instant messaging networks as a new channel to spread the news: Use of WhatsApp and Telegram in the Spanish online media of proximity. Advances in intelligent systems and computing, 571(3), 64-72. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56541-5_8
Neuendorf, K. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Otzen, T. & Manterola, C. (2017). Sampling Techniques on a Population Study. International Journal of Morphology, 35(1), 227-232 https://www.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022017000100037
Pérez-Serrano, M. J. (2011). Economía de la atención la implicación de la cultura digital en el cambio corporativo y empresarial del Grupo Prisa. In I. Bort Gual, S. García Catalán & M. Martín Núñez (Eds.), Nuevas tendencias e hibridaciones de los discursos audiovisuales en la cultura digital contemporánea (pp. 272-280). Actas del IV Congreso Internacional sobre análisis fílmico. Universitat Jaume I, Castellón 4-6 mayo de 2011. Madrid: Ediciones de Ciencias Sociales. https://doi.org/10.6035/978-84-87510-57-1.2011.23
Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2018). Co-creation and open innovation: Systematic literature review. Comunicar, 26(54), 9-18. https://www.doi.org/10.3916/c54-2018-01
Rebollo Couto, L. (2005). Formas de tratamiento y cortesía en el mundo hispánico. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 35-66. Retrieved from https://cvc.cervantes.es/ensenanza/biblioteca_ele/publicaciones_centros/PDF/rio_2005/03_rebollo.pdf.
Roda, C. (2019). A roadmap of studies in attention and digital technology. In W. Doyle & C. Roda, Communication in the era of attention scarcity (pp. 7-20). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20918-6_2
Salikov, A. (2019). Telegram as a means of political communication and its use by Russia's ruling elite. Politologija, 95(3), 83-110. https://www.doi.org/10.15388/Polit.2019.95.2.
Sánchez-Gonzales, H. M. & Martos-Moreno, J. (2020). Telegram as a tool for journalists: Perception and use. Revista de Comunicación, 19(2), 246-261. https://www.doi.org/10.26441/RC19.2-2020-A14
Sánchez-Gonzales, H. M. & Sánchez-González, M. (2017). Bots as news service and emotional connectivity with the audience. The case of Politibot. Doxa Comunicación. Revista interdisciplinar de estudios de Comunicación y Ciencias Sociales, 25, 51-68. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n25a3.
Sedano-Amundarain, J. & Palomo-Torres, B. (2018). Aproximación metodológica al impacto de WhatsApp y Telegram en las redacciones. Hipertext.net, 16, 61-67. https://www.doi.org/10.31009/hipertext.net.2018.i16.10
Sehl, A., Cornia, A. & Nielsen, R. K. (2018). Public Service News and Social Media. Oxford, UK: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism/University of Oxford.
Soler Pujals, P. & Enrique Jiménez, A. M. (2012). Reflexión sobre el rigor científico en la investigación cualitativa. Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico, 18, 879-888. https://www.doi.org/10.5209/rev_ESMP.2012.v18.40966.
Statista (2020). Number of monthly active Telegram users worldwide from March 2014 to April 2020. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/234038/telegram-messenger-mau-users/
Suau, J. & Masip, P. (2015). Models of online media participation and active audiences. A comparison of what the media are offering and what citizens are looking for. In K. Meso-Ayerdi, I. Agirreazkuenaga-Onaindia & A. Larrondo-Ureta (Eds.), Active audiences and journalism. Analysis of the quality and regulation of the user generated contents (pp. 119-142). Bilbao: Servicio Editorial Universidad del País Vasco.
Sutikno, T., Handayani, L., Stiawan, D., Riyadi, M. A. & Subroto, I. M. I. (2016). WhatsApp, Viber and Telegram: which is the best for instant messaging? International journal of electrical and computer engineering, 6(3), 909-914. https://www.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i3.pp909-914
Titonet (2010). Economía de la Atención (ii): Niveles de atención. Retrieved from https://www.titonet.com/comunicacion/niveles-de-atencion.html
Toffler, A. (1981). The Third Wave. New York: Random House.
Varona-Aramburu, D., Sánchez-Martín, M. & Arrocha, R. (2017). Consumo de información política en dispositivos móviles en España: caracterización del usuario tipo y su interacción con las noticias. El profesional de la información, 26(4), 641-648. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.jul.08.
Metrics
|
|
Details
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
RIGHTS TRANSFER
By submitting the article for evaluation and subsequent publication in Communication & Society, the AUTHOR exclusively assigns the rights of public communication, reproduction, distribution and sale for commercial exploitation to the University of Navarra through its Publications Service, for the maximum legal term in force -the entire life of the author and seventy years after his death or declaration of death-, in any country, and in any of the current and future edition modalities, both in print and electronic versions.
In the event that the article is not accepted for publication , this transfer of rights lapses with the communication of the refusal to the AUTHOR.
The AUTHOR affirms that the article is unpublished, that it has not been sent simultaneously to another publication medium and that the rights have not been transferred exclusively previously. He is responsible to the University of Navarra through its Publications Service for the authorship and originality of his work, as well as for all pecuniary charges that may arise for the University of Navarra through its Publications Service, in favor of third parties due to actions, claims or conflicts arising from the breach of obligations by the AUTHOR.
