John-C. Ford e-mail(Inicie sesión)

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John-C. Ford e-mail(Inicie sesión)

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Los romances en verso del inglés medio de los siglos XIII y XIV suelen mencionarse como ejemplos de la formulación asociada con la oralidad en los textos de transición medievales. Esto es cierto tanto cuando se cuentan las fórmulas de la variedad Parry-Lord según su teoría de la composición oral-formulaica como cuando se cuentan las expresiones formulares de manera más flexible tal como permite la teoría del tradicionalismo oral. Sin embargo, es probable que ambos métodos den una visión exagerada del grado en que el pensamiento oral estuvo involucrado en la composición de los romances, ya que se centran exclusivamente en las expresiones de estructura formular superficial que no siempre reflejan con precisión ideas o marcos de estructura profunda de pensamiento. El presente breve examen de los romances de la ‘materia de Inglaterra’ –un subconjunto de los romances en verso del inglés medio, que abarcan toda la historia del género– sugiere que, al contrario de lo que cabría esperar, el número, la longitud y la complejidad de tales expresiones formulares en realidad parecen aumentar a medida que la evidencia del pensamiento puramente oral disminuye. Este hallazgo resulta de medir sucintamente el grado en que cada romance ejemplifica las nueve características psicodinámicas que Walter Ong atribuye al pensamiento y la expresión de base oral, cinco de las cuales se refieren a los marcos de estructura profunda del primero mientras que las cuatro restantes se relacionan con los guiones de estructura superficial de la segunda. Como conclusión, se propone que los rastros residuales de oralidad en las expresiones formuladas son menos reflejos auténticos del pensamiento basado en la oralidad que “esqueuomorfos” literarios inventados como tales para dar credibilidad y autenticidad a los cuentos.

Palabras clave

Textos de transición, Oralidad y escritura, Romances en verso ingleses mediavales, Materia de Inglaterra: King Horn, Havelok, Athelston, Gamelyn, Repertorio de romance, Expresión formulaica, Esqueumorfismo literario

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Articles. Section I: Medieval Europe